Question

帮忙翻译一段商务英语，翻译的好追加200分

五.应对国际商务谈判中文化差异的策略
1.在谈判前应该做好充足的准备工作。（1）要做好谈判的计划工作。也就是要充分了解谈判对手的情况，包括其他利益方的国家和文化情况，即所谓的知己知彼。为了做到知己我们要了解以下三个问题：①清楚地知道自己想要什么，用几句话或几个词简短的表达核心实质；②要了解什么阻碍了自己想要的东西；③列出谈判双方可能有的各种选择，考虑哪些方案是自己可以接受的或是能被对方接受的等。业务谈判是双方或多方的，要想取得洽谈成功，知彼也是非常重要的，在谈判中，不仅要全面动态地了解对手协议的期望，更要了解对方的民族习性、谈判手段和语言文化等信息。（2）在准备过程中还应考虑谈判的策略。由于不同文化背景的谈判者在沟通中存在各种障碍，所以为了使谈判顺利完成，我们必须要理解、接受和尊重对方的文化习俗。在谈判过程中避免用一些对方忌讳的语言。从谈判习惯来说，中国人在谈判中精确的技术数据要求比较高，而美国人的语言较为直接，容易直达主题，日本人则较为含蓄等等。想要很好的应对这一切，必须事先做好充分的准备。（3）公司代表还要对谈判的长期性做好思想准备。国家谈判历时往往比国内谈判长2倍到6倍，谈判人员可以利用这段时间熟悉并适应对方国家的语言和习俗，以便更好的推动谈判进程。
2.在谈判中应正确表达自己的意思，克服语言上的障碍。在跨国谈判中掌握对方国家的语言对于谈判的顺利进展有很大的意义。语言不通是谈判的一个很可怕的障碍，因为它可能使双方产生误解，甚至会导致谈判失败。掌握一国的语言并不是单纯的理解语言的字面意思，而是要知道某些词语和短语在一定文化中隐含的特殊意义。一些具有象征意义的词语在两个不同的文化中的可能隐含着截然不同的寓意。比如dog这个词在英语中象征着忠诚，而在中国，“狗”这个词是对别人人格的侮辱。所以在跨国谈判中，谈判者必须掌握这些有特定寓意的词，以防止谈判中出现不必要的误解。通常我们可以采纳两种方法来避免这种情况的发生，第一是聘请翻译。一个真正精通两种文化、两种语言的翻译不仅能将谈判时的各种措辞准确地翻译成母语，而且能以各种方法，如举例、列举等。将隐晦生涩的词翻译成可接受的语言，这样将为谈判各利益方节省很多时间，这些时间可以用于思量和决策。第二种方法是在谈判时尽量避免使用习语或俗语以避免误解，同时可以考虑借助一些非语言的方法，如表情、动作、语气和语调等表达一定的意思。此外，在谈判前也可以多准备一些图表和数字资料，因为这些资料是通用的，不会带来任何误解。
不要机器翻译的，要专业的人工翻译，采纳加200分

Answer 1

五.应对国际商务谈判中文化差异的策略
1.在谈判前应该做好充足的准备工作。（1）要做好谈判的计划工作。也就是要充分了解谈判对手的情况，包括其他利益方的国家和文化情况，即所谓的知己知彼。为了做到知己我们要了解以下三个问题：①清楚地知道自己想要什么，用几句话或几个词简短的表达核心实质；②要了解什么阻碍了自己想要的东西；③列出谈判双方可能有的各种选择，考虑哪些方案是自己可以接受的或是能被对方接受的等。业务谈判是双方或多方的，要想取得洽谈成功，知彼也是非常重要的，在谈判中，不仅要全面动态地了解对手协议的期望，更要了解对方的民族习性、谈判手段和语言文化等信息。（2）在准备过程中还应考虑谈判的策略。由于不同文化背景的谈判者在沟通中存在各种障碍，所以为了使谈判顺利完成，我们必须要理解、接受和尊重对方的文化习俗。在谈判过程中避免用一些对方忌讳的语言。从谈判习惯来说，中国人在谈判中精确的技术数据要求比较高，而美国人的语言较为直接，容易直达主题，日本人则较为含蓄等等。想要很好的应对这一切，必须事先做好充分的准备。（3）公司代表还要对谈判的长期性做好思想准备。国家谈判历时往往比国内谈判长2倍到6倍，谈判人员可以利用这段时间熟悉并适应对方国家的语言和习俗，以便更好的推动谈判进程。
2.在谈判中应正确表达自己的意思，克服语言上的障碍。在跨国谈判中掌握对方国家的语言对于谈判的顺利进展有很大的意义。语言不通是谈判的一个很可怕的障碍，因为它可能使双方产生误解，甚至会导致谈判失败。掌握一国的语言并不是单纯的理解语言的字面意思，而是要知道某些词语和短语在一定文化中隐含的特殊意义。一些具有象征意义的词语在两个不同的文化中的可能隐含着截然不同的寓意。比如dog这个词在英语中象征着忠诚，而在中国，“狗”这个词是对别人人格的侮辱。所以在跨国谈判中，谈判者必须掌握这些有特定寓意的词，以防止谈判中出现不必要的误解。通常我们可以采纳两种方法来避免这种情况的发生，第一是聘请翻译。一个真正精通两种文化、两种语言的翻译不仅能将谈判时的各种措辞准确地翻译成母语，而且能以各种方法，如举例、列举等。将隐晦生涩的词翻译成可接受的语言，这样将为谈判各利益方节省很多时间，这些时间可以用于思量和决策。第二种方法是在谈判时尽量避免使用习语或俗语以避免误解，同时可以考虑借助一些非语言的方法，如表情、动作、语气和语调等表达一定的意思
Friday. To cope with the international business negotiations, strategies of cultural differences

1. At the pre-negotiation should be ready to take sufficient job. (1) want to do a good job planning negotiations. That is, to fully understand the negotiating partners, including other stakeholders and cultural situation of the country, the so-called enemy. Confidant want us to do in order to know the following three questions: ① clearly know what they want with a few words, or words to express the core of a brief; ② know what hindered want what she wants; ③ list the negotiating parties may have different options to consider which programs are acceptable, or they can be accepted each other and so on. Business negotiations are between two or more parties, and negotiate to achieve success,知彼is also very important, in the negotiations, not only to a comprehensive protocol to dynamically know the expectations of opponents, but also to understand each other's national habits, negotiation and other means and the language and culture information. (2) In the process of preparation should also take into consideration the strategy of negotiation. Because of different cultural backgrounds of the negotiators at a variety of communication barriers exist, so in order to successfully finish the negotiations, we must understand, accept and respect each other's cultural customs. In the process of negotiations with some of the other party to avoid the language of taboo. Habits from the negotiation for China in the negotiations require precise technical data is relatively high, and the American language more direct and easy access subject, the Japanese are more subtle and so on. Want a good deal with all this, must be fully prepared. (3) representatives of the negotiations but also the long-term idea to do a good job of preparation. National negotiations lasted longer, more often than 2 times the national negotiations to 6-fold, negotiators can use this time to familiarize themselves with and adapt to each other's language and customs of the country in order to better promote the negotiation process.

2. In the negotiations should be the right means to express their own to overcome the language barrier. Negotiations at cross-country to master the language of each other for the smooth progress of the negotiations there is a lot of significance. Language negotiations are a terrible obstacle to both sides because it may be misleading, and may even cause the failure of the negotiations. To master the language of a country is not simple to understand language and literal meaning, but to know that certain words and phrases implied a certain culture of special significance. A number of symbolic terms in the two different cultures of the different possible hidden meaning. For instance the word dog in English at a symbol of loyalty, while in China, "dog" of the word personality are an insult to others. So in the cross-border negotiations, the negotiators must have the specific meaning of these words, the negotiations in order to prevent unnecessary misunderstandings. Usually we can adopt two methods to avoid this from happening, the first translation are employed. A really good two cultures, two languages can not only negotiate the wording of a variety of accurately translated into their mother tongue, but also a variety of methods, such as, for example, lists and so on. Jerky obscure words to be translated into acceptable language, so that the negotiations will be a lot of the time saving benefits, these periods can be used to thinking and decision-making. The second method is to negotiate or try to avoid saying the use of idioms in order to avoid misunderstanding, at the same time we can consider using some non-verbal methods, such as facial expressions, action, tone and intonation, such as the meaning of the expression must

Answer 2

Because of different cultural backgrounds of the negotiators at a variety of communication barriers exist, so in order to successfully finish the negotiations, we must understand, accept and respect each other's cultural customs. In the process of negotiations with some of the other party to avoid the language of taboo. Habits from the negotiation for China in the negotiations require precise technical data is relatively high, and the American language more direct and easy access subject, the Japanese are more subtle and so on. Want a good deal with all this, must be fully prepared.

Friday. To cope with the international business negotiations, cultural differences of strategy 1. At the pre-negotiation should be ready to take sufficient job. (1) want to do a good job planning negotiations. That is, to fully understand the negotiating partners, including other stakeholders and cultural situation of the country, the so-called enemy.

(3) representatives of the negotiations but also the long-term idea to do a good job of preparation. National negotiations lasted longer, more often than 2 times the national negotiations to 6-fold, negotiators can use this time to familiarize themselves with and adapt to each other's language and customs of the country in order to better promote the negotiation process. 2. In the negotiations should be the right means to express their own to overcome the language barrier.

Confidant want us to do in order to know the following three questions: ① clearly know what they want with a few words, or words to express the core of a brief; ② know what hindered want what she wants; ③ list the negotiating parties may have different options to consider which programs are acceptable, or they can be accepted each other and so on. Business negotiations are between two or more parties, and negotiate to achieve success,知彼is also very important, in the negotiations, not only to a comprehensive protocol to dynamically know the expectations of opponents, but also to understand each other's national habits, negotiation and other means and the language and culture information. (2) In the process of preparation should also take into consideration the strategy of negotiation.

A number of symbolic terms in the two different cultures of the different possible hidden meaning. For instance the word dog in English at a symbol of loyalty, while in China, "dog" of the word personality are an insult to others. So in the cross-border negotiations, the negotiators must have the specific meaning of these words, the negotiations in order to prevent unnecessary misunderstandings. Usually we can adopt two methods to avoid this from happening, the first translation are employed.

Answer 3

Friday. To cope with the international business negotiations, strategies of cultural differences
1. At the pre-negotiation should be ready to take sufficient job. (1) want to do a good job planning negotiations. That is, to fully understand the negotiating partners, including other stakeholders and cultural situation of the country, the so-called enemy. Confidant want us to do in order to know the following three questions: ① clearly know what they want with a few words, or words to express the core of a brief; ② know what hindered want what she wants; ③ list the negotiating parties may have different options to consider which programs are acceptable, or they can be accepted each other and so on. Business negotiations are between two or more parties, and negotiate to achieve success,知彼is also very important, in the negotiations, not only to a comprehensive protocol to dynamically know the expectations of opponents, but also to understand each other's national habits, negotiation and other means and the language and culture information. (2) In the process of preparation should also take into consideration the strategy of negotiation. Because of different cultural backgrounds of the negotiators at a variety of communication barriers exist, so in order to successfully finish the negotiations, we must understand, accept and respect each other's cultural customs. In the process of negotiations with some of the other party to avoid the language of taboo. Habits from the negotiation for China in the negotiations require precise technical data is relatively high, and the American language more direct and easy access subject, the Japanese are more subtle and so on. Want a good deal with all this, must be fully prepared. (3) representatives of the negotiations but also the long-term idea to do a good job of preparation. National negotiations lasted longer, more often than 2 times the national negotiations to 6-fold, negotiators can use this time to familiarize themselves with and adapt to each other's language and customs of the country in order to better promote the negotiation process.
2. In the negotiations should be the right means to express their own to overcome the language barrier. Negotiations at cross-country to master the language of each other for the smooth progress of the negotiations there is a lot of significance. Language negotiations are a terrible obstacle to both sides because it may be misleading, and may even cause the failure of the negotiations. To master the language of a country is not simple to understand language and literal meaning, but to know that certain words and phrases implied a certain culture of special significance. A number of symbolic terms in the two different cultures of the different possible hidden meaning. For instance the word dog in English at a symbol of loyalty, while in China, "dog" of the word personality are an insult to others. So in the cross-border negotiations, the negotiators must have the specific meaning of these words, the negotiations in order to prevent unnecessary misunderstandings. Usually we can adopt two methods to avoid this from happening, the first translation are employed. A really good two cultures, two languages can not only negotiate the wording of a variety of accurately translated into their mother tongue, but also a variety of methods, such as, for example, lists and so on. Jerky obscure words to be translated into acceptable language, so that the negotiations will be a lot of the time saving benefits, these periods can be used to thinking and decision-making. The second method is to negotiate or try to avoid saying the use of idioms in order to avoid misunderstanding, at the same time we can consider using some non-verbal methods, such as facial expressions, action, tone and intonation, such as the meaning of the expression must. In addition, many pre-negotiation can also prepare a number of charts and figures, because such information is common, will not be any misunderstanding.

Answer 4

1. At the pre-negotiation should be ready to take sufficient job. (1) want to do a good job planning negotiations. That is, to fully understand the negotiating partners, including other stakeholders and cultural situation of the country, the so-called enemy. Confidant want us to do in order to know the following three questions: ① clearly know what they want with a few words, or words to express the core of a brief; ② know what hindered want what she wants; ③ list the negotiating parties may have different options to consider which programs are acceptable, or they can be accepted each other and so on. Business negotiations are between two or more parties, and negotiate to achieve success,知彼is also very important, in the negotiations, not only to a comprehensive protocol to dynamically know the expectations of opponents, but also to understand each other's national habits, negotiation and other means and the language and culture information. (2) In the process of preparation should also take into consideration the strategy of negotiation. Because of different cultural backgrounds of the negotiators at a variety of communication barriers exist, so in order to successfully finish the negotiations, we must understand, accept and respect each other's cultural customs. In the process of negotiations with some of the other party to avoid the language of taboo. Habits from the negotiation for China in the negotiations require precise technical data is relatively high, and the American language more direct and easy access subject, the Japanese are more subtle and so on. Want a good deal with all this, must be fully prepared. (3) representatives of the negotiations but also the long-term idea to do a good job of preparation. National negotiations lasted longer, more often than 2 times the national negotiations to 6-fold, negotiators can use this time to familiarize themselves with and adapt to each other's language and customs of the country in order to better promote the negotiation process.
2. In the negotiations should be the right means to express their own to overcome the language barrier. Negotiations at cross-country to master the language of each other for the smooth progress of the negotiations there is a lot of significance. Language negotiations are a terrible obstacle to both sides because it may be misleading, and may even cause the failure of the negotiations. To master the language of a country is not simple to understand language and literal meaning, but to know that certain words and phrases implied a certain culture of special significance. A number of symbolic terms in the two different cultures of the different possible hidden meaning. For instance the word dog in English at a symbol of loyalty, while in China, "dog" of the word personality are an insult to others. So in the cross-border negotiations, the negotiators must have the specific meaning of these words, the negotiations in order to prevent unnecessary misunderstandings. Usually we can adopt two methods to avoid this from happening, the first translation are employed. A really good two cultures, two languages can not only negotiate the wording of a variety of accurately translated into their mother tongue, but also a variety of methods, such as, for example, lists and so on. Jerky obscure words to be translated into acceptable language, so that the negotiations will be a lot of the time saving benefits, these periods can be used to thinking and decision-making. The second method is to negotiate or try to avoid saying the use of idioms in order to avoid misunderstanding, at the same time we can consider using some non-verbal methods, such as facial expressions, action, tone and intonation, such as the meaning of the expression must. In addition, many pre-negotiation can also prepare a number of charts and figures, because such information is common, will not be any misunderstanding.