如图所示电路,电源电压恒为U=8V,小灯泡上标有“6V,4W”字样,电阻R2=30Ω,闭合电键后,若滑动变阻器R
如图所示电路,电源电压恒为U=8V,小灯泡上标有“6V,4W”字样,电阻R2=30Ω,闭合电键后,若滑动变阻器R1的滑臂P在离b端1/4处时,小灯泡的实际功率为1W.不考...
如图所示电路,电源电压恒为U=8V,小灯泡上标有“6V,4W”字样,电阻R2=30Ω,闭合电键后,若滑动变阻器R1的滑臂P在离b端1/4处时,小灯泡的实际功率为1W.不考虑电阻随温度的变化,为了使滑臂P左、右移动时,灯泡两端电压不超过额定电压,变阻器R1阻值(有电流部分)的变化范围是( )A.0-40ΩB.3.3Ω-40ΩC.7.5Ω-30ΩD.10Ω-30Ω
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(1)由灯泡铭牌“6V 4W”知灯泡额定电压与额定功率分别为U额=6V,P额=4W,灯泡电阻RL=
=
=9Ω;
(2)灯泡实际功率PL=1W时,由P=
知:灯泡两端电压UL=
=
=3V,电路电流I=
=
=
A,并联电路两端的电压U并=U-UL=8V-3V=5V,由题意知,滑动变阻器接入电路的阻值R1=
R滑,由欧姆定律得:R并=
=
=15Ω,由并联电路的特点知:
=
+
,即
=
+
,解得:R滑=40Ω;
(3)当灯泡正常发光时电路电流I′=
=
=
A,并联电压U′并=U-U额=8V-6V=2V,I2=
=
=
A,
I1=I′-I1=
A-
A=
A,R′1=
=
≈3.3Ω.
(4)变阻器R1阻值的变化范围是3.3Ω~40Ω.
故选B.
| ||
P额 |
(6V)2 |
4W |
(2)灯泡实际功率PL=1W时,由P=
U2 |
R |
PR |
1W×9Ω |
PL |
UL |
1W |
3V |
1 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
U并 |
I |
5V | ||
|
1 |
R并 |
1 |
R1 |
1 |
R2 |
1 |
15Ω |
1 | ||
|
1 |
30Ω |
(3)当灯泡正常发光时电路电流I′=
P额 |
U额 |
4W |
6V |
2 |
3 |
U′并 |
R2 |
2V |
30Ω |
1 |
15 |
I1=I′-I1=
2 |
3 |
1 |
15 |
3 |
5 |
U′并 |
I1 |
2V | ||
|
(4)变阻器R1阻值的变化范围是3.3Ω~40Ω.
故选B.
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