Question

急求英语高手来翻译~

请英语达人帮忙翻译下面这段文字，谢谢~

中间业务创新发展是银行增加收入、实现利润最大化目标的需要。

考察现代银行的发展史，我们可以看到，银行经营的盈利点总是随着社会经济生活的变化而不断变化的。从最初的货币兑换到存贷款业务，从证券投资到多种经营，就是一个不断进行业务创新的历史，就是从一种传统业务转向另一种新兴业务的历史。

我国20多年经济体制改革，国民收入分配格局已经发生了根本性变革，储蓄和投资主体由计划经济时期的政府转变为居民个人和企业，居民成为储蓄主体，企业成为投资主体，银行传统的存贷业务发展受到极大限制。在商业银行单一贷款资产结构状况下，尤其是在防范金融风险，实行严格的贷款责任追究制度等约束条件下，普遍存在“惜贷”和“慎贷”现象，使其获利能力大大降低，因此说，积极创新发展中间业务，既是商业银行适应迅速变化的社会经济生活的金融需求的需要，也是商业银行拓展新的利润增长点实现利润最大化目标的需要。根据巴塞尔资本协议要求和中国人民银行的规定，商业银行资本充足率不得低于8%，其中核心资本不得低于4%，附属资本不得超过核心资本的100%.按照上述要求，商业银行必须增加资本储备，而这样做又会使本来就不理想的盈利受到影响。

为了达到资本比率要求又不减少盈利，商业银行在“分子政策”与“分母政策”的两难选择中，只有发展风险系数较小而盈利水平较高的资产业务，并将重点逐步转向那些对资本没有要求的中间业务。中间业务收入来源稳定可靠，且无资本要求，必然成为银行业务发展的选择方向。我国加入WTO后，外资金融机构，其业务经营的限制将逐步取消。与中资银行庞大的服务网络和长期的本土关系相比，外资银行经营传统的存贷业务仍然存在成本高，利润低，风险大等问题。

而中间业务成本低，利润高，风险小的特点，必将成为外资银行在华业务竞争的切入点。南京爱立信熊猫通讯有限公司自2001年下半年起，将其在中资银行的贷款陆续归还，部分转向上海的外资银行贷款，缘由就是中资银行不能提供公司要求的保理业务。从某种意义上说，未来银行的竞争，就是银行新兴业务的竞争，重点是中间业务的竞争。因此，面对国内、国际金融激烈的竞争，尤其是面对产品众多、服务全面的全能制外资银行的挑战，我国商业银行必须创新业务，完善功能，增强自身竞争力。

Answer 1

Between business innovation and development banks are to increase revenue, achieve the goal necessary to maximize profits.

Inspection history of the development of modern banking, we can see that the profitability of banks operating point is always with the changes in the socio-economic life changing. Money changers from the initial to the deposit and loan business, from portfolio investment to a diversified economy is an ongoing history of business innovation, that is, from a traditional business to another emerging business history.

Our country for more than 20 years of economic restructuring, income distribution pattern of fundamental changes have taken place, the main savings and investment during the period from planned economy into government and business to individual residents, the residents become the main savings, enterprises have become the main investment banks traditional deposit and lending business development was extremely restricted. Commercial bank loans at a single structural condition of assets, especially in the prevention of financial risks, implement a strict system of accountability for the loan, such as constraint conditions, the prevailing "credit crunch" and "prudent loan" situation, it significantly reduced profitability, Thus, a positive innovation and development between businesses, both commercial banks to adapt to rapidly changing demand for social and economic life of the financial needs, but also open up new commercial bank profit growth to achieve the goal necessary to maximize profits. Basel Capital Accord in accordance with the requirements and provisions of People's Bank of China, commercial banks capital adequacy ratio shall not be less than 8%, one of the core capital shall not be less than 4%, the subsidiary capital must not exceed 100 percent of core capital. In accordance with the above requirements, commercial banks are required to increase in capital reserves, which in turn make such profits should not be affected.

In order to meet the capital adequacy ratio requirement does not reduce the profits of commercial banks in the "policy elements" and "denominator" policy dilemma, the only risk factor the development of smaller and higher level of profitability of the assets of the business, and those who have gradually shifted the focus of capital did not ask the middle business. Business between a stable and reliable source of income and no capital requirements, banks will inevitably become the choice of the direction of business development. China's accession to the WTO, foreign financial institutions, restrictions on its business operations will be phased out. Chinese banks with a large network of local and long-term relationship compared to foreign banks operating traditional deposit and lending operations remain high cost and low profit, high risk and so on.

Between business and low cost, high return, risk characteristics, will become foreign-funded banks in China, the entry point for business competition. Nanjing Ericsson Panda Communication Co., Ltd. Since 2001, the second half of its funding in the restitution of bank loans in succession, some of Shanghai's foreign banks shifted loans, the reason is that Chinese banks can not provide factoring company business requirements. In a sense, the competition among banks in the future, that is, the competitiveness of banks in emerging businesses, focusing on competition between businesses. Therefore, in the face of domestic and international financial competition, especially in the face of the many products and services a comprehensive system of all the challenges of foreign banks, commercial banks are required to China's new business, improve function, and enhance their own competitiveness.
希望有点用！我也不太清楚

Answer 2

Between business innovation and development banks are to increase revenue, achieve the goal necessary to maximize profits.

Inspection history of the development of modern banking, we can see that the profitability of banks operating point is always with the changes in the socio-economic life changing. Money changers from the initial to the deposit and loan business, from portfolio investment to a diversified economy is an ongoing history of business innovation, that is, from a traditional business to another emerging business history.

Our country for more than 20 years of economic restructuring, income distribution pattern of fundamental changes have taken place, the main savings and investment during the period from planned economy into government and business to individual residents, the residents become the main savings, enterprises have become the main investment banks traditional deposit and lending business development was extremely restricted. Commercial bank loans at a single structural condition of assets, especially in the prevention of financial risks, implement a strict system of accountability for the loan, such as constraint conditions, the prevailing "credit crunch" and "prudent loan" situation, it significantly reduced profitability, Thus, a positive innovation and development between businesses, both commercial banks to adapt to rapidly changing demand for social and economic life of the financial needs, but also open up new commercial bank profit growth to achieve the goal necessary to maximize profits. Basel Capital Accord in accordance with the requirements and provisions of People's Bank of China, commercial banks capital adequacy ratio shall not be less than 8%, one of the core capital shall not be less than 4%, the subsidiary capital must not exceed 100 percent of core capital. In accordance with the above requirements, commercial banks are required to increase in capital reserves, which in turn make such profits should not be affected.

In order to meet the capital adequacy ratio requirement does not reduce the profits of commercial banks in the "policy elements" and "denominator" policy dilemma, the only risk factor the development of smaller and higher level of profitability of the assets of the business, and those who have gradually shifted the focus of capital did not ask the middle business. Business between a stable and reliable source of income and no capital requirements, banks will inevitably become the choice of the direction of business development. China's accession to the WTO, foreign financial institutions, restrictions on its business operations will be phased out. Chinese banks with a large network of local and long-term relationship compared to foreign banks operating traditional deposit and lending operations remain high cost and low profit, high risk and so on.

Between business and low cost, high return, risk characteristics, will become foreign-funded banks in China, the entry point for business competition. Nanjing Ericsson Panda Communication Co., Ltd. Since 2001, the second half of its funding in the restitution of bank loans in succession, some of Shanghai's foreign banks shifted loans, the reason is that Chinese banks can not provide factoring company business requirements. In a sense, the competition among banks in the future, that is, the competitiveness of banks in emerging businesses, focusing on competition between businesses. Therefore, in the face of domestic and international financial competition, especially in the face of the many products and services a comprehensive system of all the challenges of foreign banks, commercial banks are required to China's new business, improve function, strengthen its competitiveness