一道数学题。请大侠们帮忙解答
有50毫升浓度为18%的盐水,把它倒出25毫升来,然后加入50毫升的蒸馏水;充分混合后再从杯子里倒出25毫升的盐水,然后再加入50毫升的蒸馏水。问:此时杯里的盐水的浓度是...
有50毫升浓度为18%的盐水,把它倒出25毫升来,然后加入50毫升的蒸馏水;充分混合后再从杯子里倒出25毫升的盐水,然后再加入50毫升的蒸馏水。问:此时杯里的盐水的浓度是多少?如果反复倒水加水7次后浓度是多少?如果是2013次以后呢?浓度是多少?
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解:50ml浓度为18%的盐水密度为ρ,那么其中含盐50ρ*18%
=
9ρ克,含水50ρ
–
9ρ
=
41ρ克,设第n次倒出溶液和加入蒸馏水后含an克盐,所以含有[50
+
(50
–
25)n]*ρ
–
an克水。记a0
=
9ρ克,由题意列方程:an+1
=
{[50
+
(50
–
25)n
–
25]/[50
+
(50
–
25)n]}*an
=>
an+1
=
{[1
+
n]/[2
+
n]}*an
=>
得到a2
=
(2/3)a1
,a3
=
(3/4)a2
,a4
=
(4/5)a3
……
;并计算出a1
=
(50
–
25)/50*(50ρ*18%)
=
4.5ρ克;
所以第2次倒出溶液和加入蒸馏水后a2
=
(2/3)a1
=
3ρ克,此时盐水中含有[50
+
(50
–
25)*2]*ρ=
100ρ克,所以此时盐水的浓度是3ρ/(3ρ
+
100ρ)*100%
=
(300/103)%
;
所以第7次倒出溶液和加入蒸馏水后a2
=
(2/3)a1
,a3
=
(3/4)a2
,a4
=
(4/5)a3
……
,所以a7
=
(7/8)*(6/7)*(5/6)*(4/5)*(3/4)*(2/3)a1
=
(1/4)a1
=
(9/8)ρ克,此时盐水中含有[50
+
(50
–
25)*7]*ρ=
225ρ克,所以此时盐水的浓度是(9/8)ρ/[(9/8)ρ+
225ρ]*100%
=
(100/201)%
;
所以第2013次倒出溶液和加入蒸馏水后a2
=
(2/3)a1
,a3
=
(3/4)a2
,a4
=
(4/5)a3
……
,所以a2013
=
(2013/2014)*(2012/2013)*…*(3/4)*(2/3)a1
=
(1/1007)a1
=
(9/2014)ρ克,此时盐水中含有[50
+
(50
–
25)*2013]*ρ=
50375ρ克,所以此时盐水的浓度是(9/2014)ρ/[(9/2014)ρ+
50375ρ]*100%
=
(900/101455259)%
≈8.87*10-6%
。
=
9ρ克,含水50ρ
–
9ρ
=
41ρ克,设第n次倒出溶液和加入蒸馏水后含an克盐,所以含有[50
+
(50
–
25)n]*ρ
–
an克水。记a0
=
9ρ克,由题意列方程:an+1
=
{[50
+
(50
–
25)n
–
25]/[50
+
(50
–
25)n]}*an
=>
an+1
=
{[1
+
n]/[2
+
n]}*an
=>
得到a2
=
(2/3)a1
,a3
=
(3/4)a2
,a4
=
(4/5)a3
……
;并计算出a1
=
(50
–
25)/50*(50ρ*18%)
=
4.5ρ克;
所以第2次倒出溶液和加入蒸馏水后a2
=
(2/3)a1
=
3ρ克,此时盐水中含有[50
+
(50
–
25)*2]*ρ=
100ρ克,所以此时盐水的浓度是3ρ/(3ρ
+
100ρ)*100%
=
(300/103)%
;
所以第7次倒出溶液和加入蒸馏水后a2
=
(2/3)a1
,a3
=
(3/4)a2
,a4
=
(4/5)a3
……
,所以a7
=
(7/8)*(6/7)*(5/6)*(4/5)*(3/4)*(2/3)a1
=
(1/4)a1
=
(9/8)ρ克,此时盐水中含有[50
+
(50
–
25)*7]*ρ=
225ρ克,所以此时盐水的浓度是(9/8)ρ/[(9/8)ρ+
225ρ]*100%
=
(100/201)%
;
所以第2013次倒出溶液和加入蒸馏水后a2
=
(2/3)a1
,a3
=
(3/4)a2
,a4
=
(4/5)a3
……
,所以a2013
=
(2013/2014)*(2012/2013)*…*(3/4)*(2/3)a1
=
(1/1007)a1
=
(9/2014)ρ克,此时盐水中含有[50
+
(50
–
25)*2013]*ρ=
50375ρ克,所以此时盐水的浓度是(9/2014)ρ/[(9/2014)ρ+
50375ρ]*100%
=
(900/101455259)%
≈8.87*10-6%
。
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