Question

初中英语被动语态结构

Answer 1

1：英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主动是动作的执行者，叫做主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，叫做被动语态。

Many people use computers. 许多人使用电脑。

Computers are used by many people. 电脑被许多人使用。

2：被动语态的基本结构是“be+及物动词的过去分词”（be + done）。Be有人称，数和时态的变化。一般现在时的被动语态结构：主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词。

3：一般现在时的被动语态的句式变化：

（1）肯定句：主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词。

如：Cars are made by them. 汽车是由他们制造的。

（2）否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+及物动词的过去分词。

如：Cars are not made by them. 汽车不是由他们制造的。

（3）一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+not+主语+及物动词的过去分词？

如：Are cars made by them? 汽车是由他们制造的吗？

4：主动语态变成被动语态的三步曲：

（1）将主动结构的宾语变成被动结构的主语（宾语若为人称代词，宾格变成主格）。

（2）将主动结构的谓语动词变成“be+及物动词的过去分词”形式（注意人称，时态和数的变化）。

（3）在动词的过去分词之后加介词by，再将主动结构中的主语放在by之后（若为人称代词，主格变成宾格）。

Answer 2

被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”中的动词be来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：

(1)一般现在时的被动语态：am [is, are]+过去分词

English is taught in our school. 我们学校学英语。

We are taken good care of at school. 我们在学校受到很好的照顾。

(2) 一般过去时的被动语态：was [were]+过去分词

He was taken to the police station. 他被带到了警察局。

The house was built ten years ago. 这座房子是10年前建的。

(3) 一般将来时的被动语态：will be+过去分词

A new building will be built here soon. 不久这里将建一栋新楼。

The meeting will be held at two this afternoon. 会议将于今天下午2点举行。

(4) 现在完成时的被动语态：have [has]been+过去分词

All the work has been done now. 所有的工作现在都做好了。

Have the letters been posted? 信都寄了吗？

(5) 过去完成时的被动语态：had been+过去分词

He said the work had been finished. 他说工作已完成了。

(6) 现在进行时的被动语态：am [is, are] being+过去分词

My watch is being repaired by him. 我的表正在由他修理。

The plan is now being discussed. 计划现在正在讨论。

(7) 过去进行时的被动语态：was [were] being+过去分词

He said that the man was being operated on. 他说那个人正在动手术。

He told me that a new station was being built. 他说正在修建一个新车站。

(8) 过去将来时的被动语态：would be+过去分词

He said that the meeting would be held next week. 他说会议将于下周举于。