四六级语法词汇1

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集体名词做主语主谓一致

  1)通常作复数的集体名词

  集体名词,如:police, people,cattle,militia,poultry等,

  通常作复数,用复数动词。如:

  Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.

  2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词

  有些集体名词,如foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。例如:All the machinery in the factory is made in China.

  3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词

  集体名词,如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等,既可作单数,也可作复数用。

  The city council is meeting to set its agenda.

  4) a committee, etc. of +复数名词

  如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成,随后的动词通常用单数。例如:

  A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.

  近义词辨析

  tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, wornout

  这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。

  tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息,还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。

  Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫,一到家就上床睡觉去了。

  Exhausted

  表达的疲惫程度,指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。

  The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。

  Fatigued

  所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强,表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏,不能再继续下去。

  He felt fatigued and didn‘t want to say a single word.他疲惫不堪,不想说一句话。

  weary

  语气比tired强,指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。

  After a long and weary wait, the plane finally came to take them back.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后,飞机终于来接他们回去了。

  wornout

  这个词不太正式,多用于口语。

  The troops were wornout after winning the battle.战后,部队疲惫不堪。

  全真模拟试题

  1. Although ______ Spanish, he attended the course.

  A. he was knowing B. he is knowing

  C. having a knowledge of D. knows

  2. You ______that letter to James. However, you didn‘t.

  A. ought to write B. ought to have written

  C. should write D. should be writing

  3. Joseph was very lucky ______ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.

  A. to escape B. to have escaped

  C. to escaping D. to be escaping

  4. Bread and butter ______liked by Westerners.

  A. is B. are C. were D. be

  5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ______

  very pleasant to sit on in summer.

  A. which is B. which it is C. it is D. where it is

  6. He set up in business ______ his own and was very successful.

  A. in B. of C. on D. by

  7. John‘s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ______

  last night.

  A. must study B. should have studied

  C. must have studied D. is sure to study

  8. Frank almost never received any education, ______?

  A. would he B. did he

  C. didn‘t he D. wouldn’t he

  9. Even if his letter ______ tomorrow, it ______

  too late to do anything.

  A. will arrive……is B. should arrive……were

  C. arrives……will be D. arrives……would be

  10. We can hear ______from the back of the room.

  A. just as good B. just as easy 

  C. just as well D. easily as well

  11. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two ______

  of paint on a clean surface.

  A. coats B. levels C. times D. courses

  12. The small mountain village was ______ by the snow

  for more than one month.

  A. cut back B. cut out

  C. cut off D. cut away

  13. Miss Green was ______ $100 for driving after drinking.

  A. fined B. charged C. punished D. posed

  14. Modern ______ perhaps causes more problems than it solves.

  A. technique B. technology

  C. tactics D. tendency

  15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear

  it ______ when she was trying to go to sleep.

  A. sounding B. ringing C. ticking D. humming

  16. Under this ______ pressure some of the rocks even

  became liquid.

  A. intensive B. weighty C. intense D. bulky

  17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ______ of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.

  A. maximum B. minority C. majority D. minimum

  18. Nancy was surprised that they have ______。 They seemed to be a happy couple.

  A. split up B. broken down 

  C. fallen through D. knocked out

  19. The beach is in an ideal ______ to draw tourists.

  A. condition B. situation C. state D. publicity

  20. Our ______ sensitivity decreases with age. By age

  60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.

  A. sensible B. senseless 

  C. sensitive D. sensory

  21. The eldest child is thoroughly ______ because they

  always give him whatever he wants.

  A. wasted B. spoiled

  C. destroyed D. uneducated

  22. If a substance is dissolved in water or heated, it may ______ a gas.

  A. give into B. give over

  C. give off D. give away

  23. His manner was so pleasant that Bolla felt at ______ with him at once.

  A. peace B. large C. ease D. best

  24. —Can you take the day off tomorrow?

  —Well, I‘ll have to get ______ from my boss.

  A. permission B. permit

  C. allowance D. possession

  25. The ______ in Janet‘s character has hindered her from advancement in her career.

  A. weakness B. merit

  C. defect D. shortcoming试题答案与解析

  1. C) 「句意」虽然只懂一点西班牙语,但他还是参加了这个课程的学习。

  「难点」know是静态动词,不能用于进行时;选knows从句中又缺少主语。knowledge作“知识”讲时是不可数名词,但作“了解”讲时,前面可加“a”,常用于词组have a knowledge of中,所以选C)。

  2. B) 「句意」你本应该给詹姆斯写信,然而,你没写。

  「难点」ought to have written是虚拟语气,与本句句意相符。

  3. B) 「句意」约瑟夫幸运地逃了性命;他险些没从房间里逃出来。

  「难点」to have escaped 是不定式的完成式,表示过去的某一动作业已完成。

  4. A) 「句意」黄油面包受西方人青睐。

  「难点」bread and butter 是西方人吃的一种食品,虽然有三个字,表达的却是一个东西,并且是不可数名词,作单数。

  5. A) 「句意」我家的后花园有一片草坪,夏天坐在上面会令你心旷神怡。

  「难点」which引出非限制性定语从句,在句中作主语,且和sit on 构成动

  宾关系。类似的句子有:This room is comfortable to live in 这句中live in 和this room构成动宾关系。

  6. C) 「句意」他独自一人开始经商,并且做得很成功。

  「难点」on one‘s own 是个常用的介词词组,意为“独自”;of one’s own表示“某人自己的(东西)”,如:I have a flat of my own.我自己有套房子。

  7. C) 「句意」约翰的考试分数全班;他

  昨天晚上一定学习了。

  「难点」表示对过去某一动作行为的猜测须要用must have done这一句型结构。

  8. B) 「句意」弗兰克几乎从未受过任何教育,是不是?

  「难点」这是一句含有否定副词never的一般过去时的句子,由于主句为

  否定形式,所以反意问句用肯定形式。

  9. C) 「句意」即使他的信明天到也无济于事了。

  「难点」在条件句中表示现在将来的时间,需要用一般现在时,主句中使

  用将来时。

  10. C) 「句意」我们在房间的后面也能听得很清楚。

  「难点」as well意为“(程度)同样地好”,是副词短语修饰动词hear;just表示程度,意为“刚好”。

  11. A) 「句意」为获得一个满意的结果,你必

  须在一个干净的表面上涂两层油漆。

  「难点」coat意为“覆盖物,层”;level意为“(建筑物)楼层”;times意

  为“次,回”;courses意为“(一层)砖面;一排”。

  12. C) 「句意」这个小山村被大雪封住达一个多月。

  「难点」cut back意为“削减;缩减”;cut out意为“停止;切下”;cut

  off意为“切断;使隔断”;cut away意为“切除;砍掉”。

  13. A) 「句意」格林小姐因酒后驾车被罚100美元。

  「难点」fine意为“处…以罚金”;charge意为“要(价),收(费),要(人)支付(钱)”;punish意为“罚,惩罚”;pose意为“造成,引起(困难)”。

  14. B) 「句意」现代技术所引发的问题也许比

  它所能解决的要多。

  「难点」technique意为“技法;具体的技术”;technology意为“工业技术”;tactics意为“战术,兵法,策略”;tendency意为“倾向”。

  15. C) 「句意」玛丽蹑手蹑脚走过来把钟拿走

  了,因为她讨厌在自己想睡觉的时候听它滴哒地响。

  「难点」sound意为“作声,发声,响”;ring意为“鸣,发出清脆响亮的声音”;tick

  意为“发出滴哒声”;hum意为“发连续低沉的声音(如蜜蜂、马达的嗡嗡声)”。

  16. C) 「句意」在这种强大的压力下,一些岩

  石甚至变成了液体。

  「难点」intensive意为“加强的;集中的”;weighty意为“沉重的;笨

  重的“;intense意为”强烈的,剧烈的“;bulky意为”庞大的;粗壮的“。

  17. C) 「句意」当然,大多数移民不是一夜之

  间就发财的,但是他们大多最终改善了自己的生活水平。

  「难点」maximum意为“限量;点”;minority意为“少数,半数

  以下“;majority意为”大多数“;minimum意为”最低限度,最低点“。

  18. A) 「句意」南希对他们的离婚表示十分惊讶,因为他们似乎是一对快乐的夫妇。

  「难点」split up意为“分裂,离婚”;break down意为“(精神方面)垮

  掉;(健康)变得

  衰弱;崩溃“;fall through意为”失败;成为泡影“;knock out意为”使筋疲力尽“。

  19. B) 「句意」这片海滩所处位置理想,吸引了很多游客。

  「难点」condition意为“状况;形势”;situation意为“位置,地点,

  环境“;state意为”状态,情形“;publicity意为”公众的注意,名声“。

  20. D) 「句意」我们的感官能力随着年龄的增

  长而下降。比如说,到60岁的时候,多数人失去了他们40%的嗅觉能力和50%的味觉能力。

  「难点」sensible意为“明智的,合情理的”;senseless意为“失去知觉

  的,不省人事的“;sensitive意为”敏感的“;sensory意为”感觉的,传递感觉的“。

  21. B) 「句意」他们的大孩子被彻底宠坏了,因为他要什么,他们就给什么。

  「难点」waste意为“使衰弱;使消瘦”;spoil意为“宠坏,溺爱”;destroy意为“破坏;毁灭”;uneducated意为“未受(良好)教育的”。

  22. C) 「句意」如果一种物质溶解在水里或被

  加热,它可能释放出一种气体。

  「难点」give into为非固定搭配;give over意为“托付,交托”;give

  off意为“散发”;give away意为“送掉,分发(奖品)等”。

  23. C) 「句意」他那平易近人的风度使得博拉立刻放松了情绪。

  「难点」at peace意为“和平地”;at large意为“自由地;大体地”;at ease意为“不拘束”;at best意为“至多”。

  24. A) 「句意」——你明天能休一天吗?

  ——呵,我要征得老板的允许。

  「难点」permission意为“允许”;permit意为“许可证”;allowance意为“津贴”;possession意为“拥有”。

  25. C) 「句意」詹妮特的性格缺陷阻碍了她事业进步。

  「难点」weakness意为“弱点;嗜好”;merit意为“优点,长处”;defect意为“缺点,缺陷”;shortcoming意为“缺点,短处”。
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