Question

求英文高手翻译一段文字

文化大致可以分为三个层面：最表层是物质文化，物质文化是
一种可见的显形文化，通过人类创造的种种实物产品表现出来，诸
如衣食住行等人类行为所需的物品。中层的制度文化属于不可见的
隐形文化或潜在文化，它是通过人们共同遵守的社会规范和行为准
则表现出来的种种制度和理论体系，诸如饮食习惯等生活制度，婚
姻亲属关系等家庭制度，宗教、道德等社会制度。深层的精神文化
是通过人们思维活动所形成的方式表现出来，包括价值观念、宗教
信仰、思维习惯等。表层物质文化和中层制度文化在性质上容易受
到其他异文化的干扰和影响，而深层的观念文化具有强大的惰性和
韧性，不易受异文化的干扰。语言与文化的这三个层次都紧密相连，
尤其与深层观念文化的联系更紧密、更深刻，不掌握好中层制度文
化和深层的观念文化要达到有效自如的交际是很难的。

异文化知识的导入并不是空洞的理论，而是有一定的原则和方
法。一般认为文化的导入应遵循以下原则：相关性原则，所导入的
文化知识应该与学习者学习的内容相关，能够引起学习者学习兴趣，
导入的文化内容与学生所学的语言内容密切相关，与日常交际所涉
及的主要方面密切相关。层次性原则也可以说是遵循循序渐进的原
则：层次性原则要求文化内容的导入应遵循循序渐进的原则，根据
学生的心理、智力、情感、语言的发展水平，确定文化教学的内容
层次，由浅入深，由简单到复杂，由现象到本质。交际性原则：培
养跨文化意识的目的是提高学生的跨文化交际能力。比如较为系
统的讲解西方文化，教学中要注意对英语词汇的文化意义的介绍，
在具体交际中体会异文化的魅力等。
谢绝软件翻译..高手来翻翻 谢谢了

Answer 1

Culture can be broadly classified into three levels: the surface of material culture, material culture is
Profiling a visible culture, created through a variety of human-kind products shown, all
Human behavior, such as clothing, food, housing and other items required. Culture belongs to the middle of the system is not visible
Stealth potential cultural or culture, it is common to comply with social norms and behavior of the quasi -
Is shown by a variety of systems and theoretical system, such as the eating habits of life, marriage
Marriage is a relationship between the family system, religion, morality and other social systems. Deep spiritual and cultural
Is formed by people thinking out of the way of performance, including values, religion
Beliefs, habits of thinking. The surface of the material culture and middle-level system, the nature of culture in the vulnerable
To other different cultures and the impact of interference, and the concept of deep-seated culture of inertia and the powerful
Toughness, and less susceptible to interference from different cultures. Language and culture are the three levels are closely linked,
In particular, the concept of culture and the deep ties closer and more profound, do not have a good mid-level system of the text
And the concept of deep-seated culture to achieve truly effective communication is very difficult.

Knowledge of different cultures into the theory is not empty, but there are certain principles and to
Act. Generally considered to be followed into the culture of the following principles: the principle of relevance, the import
Cultural knowledge should be relevant to the content of the learner to learn, interest in learning to draw the learners,
Import of cultural content and students learning the language of the content is closely related to day-to-day communication with the
And is closely related to the main aspects. The principle of levels can also be said to follow the original step-by-step
Are: the level of the principle of cultural content into the requirements to be followed the principle of gradual and orderly manner, in accordance with
Students, psychological, intellectual, emotional, language, level of development to determine the cultural content of teaching
Level, easy-to-digest, from simple to complex, from the nature of the phenomenon. Communicative principles: pui
Cross-cultural awareness raising aimed at enhancing the students ability to cross-cultural communication. For example, the more the Department of
Commission on the Western culture, the teaching of English vocabulary to the attention of the cultural significance of the introduction,
Specific experience in communication, such as the charm of different cultures.