Question

我这有段国际私法的英文需要翻译下.谢谢

‘Jurisdiction’ means the competence of the courts to hear and decide a case. For the purpose of determining the jurisdiction of the English courts, actions are of two kinds.
（ⅰ）Actions in personam: these are actions brought to compel a defendant to do or to refrain from doing something or to pay damages. Jurisdiction over such actions depends primarily, though not exclusively, on the defendant's presence in England.
（ⅱ）Actions in rem: these are actions against ships and aircraft when jurisdiction depends upon the presence of the ship or aircraft in England.
It should be added that, in some cases, such as divorce or nullity of marriage, sometimes called ‘actions quasi in rem’since they involve determination of personal status, jurisdiction is entirely statutory.

Answer 1

'管辖范围'方式的权限法院审理和裁决的案件。为了确定管辖权的英国法院，行动有两类。
（ ⅰ ）人诉讼的：这些都是诉讼迫使被告做或不做某事或支付损害赔偿金。管辖权，主要取决于这种行动，但不完全，对被告的存在，在英格兰。
（ ⅱ ）的对物诉讼：这些都是行动，打击船只和飞机时管辖权取决于存在的船舶或飞机在英格兰。
应该补充的是，在某些情况下，如离婚或婚姻无效，有时被称为'行动拟在rem'since涉及个人身份的确定，完全是法定管辖权。