Question

急求翻译：外军弹药包装 小弟在此表示诚心的感谢，在线等待哦！（通顺就好）

弹药是一种易燃、易爆的危险物资，在运输和储存中除必须防止水、紫外线、霉菌、昆虫和空气中的水蒸气、氧、二氧化硫、盐份等有害物的侵蚀之外，还要防止静电、电磁、震动的危害。如何改进弹药包装，满足弹药运输、储存和使用的基本要求，是弹药包装研究人员的当务之急。外军，特别是美军研究包装比较早，技术比较先进，采用的包装材料和包装技术能够满足上述要求，其经验和技术值得我军借鉴。下面介绍外军弹药包装特点和发展趋势。
二、外军弹药包装的特点
1.管理体制完善
世界上军火工业发达国家弹药包装管理体制都比较完善，如美国三军后勤司令部专门设立了一个联合包装技术协调组（JTCG/PKG），负责三军包装的技术协调，另设立一所军用包装技术学校，对所有的从事军用包装的人员进行技术培训；在弹药包装方面则由三军常规弹药规划局（JCAP）所属的包装与封存任务组（PPTG）负责三军常规弹药技术协调。英军国防部专门设置中央包装部门（CPU），负责军用包装标准化及包装设计的调整工作。CPU通过以下活动履行职责：
包装设计的管理与包装品的技术认可；
包装材料和技术方法的标准制定和解释；
环境试验设备与训练中心的管理；
部内、部外研究的后援、监控。
2.弹药包装标准化
包装标准化研究，外军在这方面起步较早，而且几十年来都把这一问题作为包装研究的中心来考虑。以美军为例，美军从四十年代开始对弹药包装进行系统的研究，制定了一系列包装技术的标准，例如包培育方法“MIL-D-116”等为后来包装发展奠定了基础；六十年代针对部队需要又制定了一些标准，如“MIL-STD-1367”系统装备的包装、装卸、储存和运输性要求，“MIL-STD-1319”影响运输性及包装和装备设计的物品特征，“FED-STD-102”封存防护内包装和外包装级别等，这些标准从宏观上控制了装备和防护包装要求。它们与已在发挥技术指导作用的其它几个主要军用标准，如“MIL-794”装备和零部件内外包装、“FED-STD-101”包装试验方法、“MIL-STD-810”环境试验法等互相配合，形成了宏观与微观上的军用包装研制、生产、订购、装卸、储存、运输各环节严密的标准体系。

Answer 1

Ammunition is flammable, the risk of explosive material, in the transport and storage in addition to the need to prevent water, UV, mold, insects and water vapor in the air, oxygen, sulfur dioxide, salt erosion and other harmful substances, but also To prevent static electricity, electromagnetic, shock hazards. How to improve the packaging of ammunition, and ammunition to meet the transportation, storage and use of the basic requirements for ammunition packaging researchers is imperative. Foreign, especially U.S. packaging earlier study, more advanced technology, the use of packaging materials and packaging technology to meet these requirements, the experience and learn from our military deserves. Here are the characteristics of foreign military munitions packaging and development trends.
Second, the characteristics of foreign ammunition packaging
1. The management system to improve
Developed countries in the world of arms and ammunition packaging industries are more perfect management system, such as the United States Armed Forces Logistics Command, set up a joint technical coordination group packing (JTCG / PKG), is responsible for the technical coordination of the packaging of the three services, and the other the establishment of a military technical school packaging , for all personnel engaged in military packaging technical training; in the packaging of ammunition and ammunition by the Planning Bureau of conventional armed forces (JCAP) and sealed packaging their Task Force (PPTG) is responsible for technical coordination of the three services of conventional ammunition. British Ministry of Defense set up a central specialized packaging sector (CPU), is responsible for the standardization of military packaging and packaging design of the adjustments. CPU perform their duties through the following activities:
The management of packaging design and packaging technology goods authorized;
Packaging materials and technical methods and interpretation of the standard-setting;
Environmental testing equipment and training center management;
Department, the Department of the back-up research, monitoring.
2. Ammunition Packaging Standardization
Standardization of packaging, foreign armed forces in this area started earlier, but for decades have this issue as a packaging center study to consider. To the U.S. as an example, the U.S. military from the beginning of the forties the packaging of ammunition to carry out systematic research to develop a series of standard packaging technology, such as the packet method of cultivation "MIL-D-116" as the packaging was laid the foundation for development; forces the need for the sixties and has developed a number of standards such as "MIL-STD-1367" system of packaging equipment, loading and unloading, storage and transport requirements, "MIL-STD-1319" the impact of transport and packaging of the goods and equipment design characteristics, "FED-STD-102" in sealed protective packaging and packaging-level and so on, these standards from the macro-control equipment and protective packaging requirements. Them with technical guidance in the role played by several other major military standards such as "MIL-794" inside and outside the packaging equipment and spare parts, "FED-STD-101" Test Method for packaging, "MIL-STD-810" test environment co-operation, etc., forming a macro-and micro-packaging on the military development, production, ordering, handling, storage, transport links close the standard system.

Answer 2

Ammunition is flammable, the risk of explosive material, in the transport and storage in addition to the need to prevent water, UV, mold, insects and water vapor in the air, oxygen, sulfur dioxide, salt erosion and other harmful substances, but also To prevent static electricity, electromagnetic, shock hazards. How to improve the packaging of ammunition, and ammunition to meet the transportation, storage and use of the basic requirements for ammunition packaging researchers is imperative. Foreign, especially U.S. packaging earlier study, more advanced technology, the use of packaging materials and packaging technology to meet these requirements, the experience and learn from our military deserves. Here are the characteristics of foreign military munitions packaging and development trends.
Second, the characteristics of foreign ammunition packaging
1. The management system to improve
Developed countries in the world of arms and ammunition packaging industries are more perfect management system, such as the United States Armed Forces Logistics Command, set up a joint technical coordination group packing (JTCG / PKG), is responsible for the technical coordination of the packaging of the three services, and the other the establishment of a military technical school packaging , for all personnel engaged in military packaging technical training; in the packaging of ammunition and ammunition by the Planning Bureau of conventional armed forces (JCAP) and sealed packaging their Task Force (PPTG) is responsible for technical coordination of the three services of conventional ammunition. British Ministry of Defense set up a central specialized packaging sector (CPU), is responsible for the standardization of military packaging and packaging design of the adjustments. CPU perform their duties through the following activities:
The management of packaging design and packaging technology goods authorized;
Packaging materials and technical methods and interpretation of the standard-setting;
Environmental testing equipment and training center management;
Department, the Department of the back-up research, monitoring.
2. Ammunition Packaging Standardization
Standardization of packaging, foreign armed forces in this area started earlier, but for decades have this issue as a packaging center study to consider. To the U.S. as an example, the U.S. military from the beginning of the forties the packaging of ammunition to carry out systematic research to develop a series of standard packaging technology, such as the packet method of cultivation "MIL-D-116" as the packaging was laid the foundation for development; forces the need for the sixties and has developed a number of standards such as "MIL-STD-1367" system of packaging equipment, loading and unloading, storage and transport requirements, "MIL-STD-1319" the impact of transport and packaging of the goods and equipment design characteristics, "FED-STD-102" in sealed protective packaging and packaging-level and so on, these standards from the macro-control equipment and protective packaging requirements. Them with technical guidance in the role played by several other major military standards such as "MIL-794" inside and outside the packaging equipment and spare parts, "FED-STD-101" Test Method for packaging, "MIL-STD-810" test environment co-operation, etc., forming a macro-and micro-packaging on the military development, production, ordering, handling, storage, transport links close the standard system.

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