Question

帮忙翻译一下这段英文

（1）Chinese Bestiary presents a fascinating pageant of mythical creatures from a unique and enduring cosmography written in ancient China. The Guideways through Mountains and Seas, compiled between the fourth and first centuries b.c.e., contains descriptions of hundreds of fantastic denizens of mountains, rivers, islands, and seas, along with minerals, flora, and medicine. The text also represents a wide range of beliefs held by the ancient Chinese. Richard Strassberg brings the Guideways to life for modern readers by weaving together translations from the work itself with information from other texts and recent archaeological finds to create a lavishly illustrated guide to the imaginative world of early China.
Unlike the bestiaries of the late medieval period in Europe, the Guideways was not interpreted allegorically; the strange creatures described in it were regarded as actual entities found throughout the landscape. The work was originally used as a sacred geography, as a guidebook for travelers, and as a book of omens. Today, it is regarded as the richest repository of ancient Chinese mythology and shamanistic wisdom. The Guideways may have been illustrated from the start, but the earliest surviving illustrations are woodblock engravings from a rare 1597 edition. Seventy-six of those plates are reproduced here for the first time, and they provide a fine example of the Chinese engraver's art during the late Ming dynasty.
This beautiful volume, compiled by a well-known specialist in the field, provides a fascinating window on the thoughts and beliefs of an ancient people, and will delight specialists and general readers alike.

Answer 1

中国Bestiary提出了一个令人着迷的神话动物选美从一个独特的和持久的cosmography书面我国古代。该导轨通过山海经，汇编之间的第四次和第一次公元前数百年，包含描述了数百名居民的梦幻般的山脉，河流，岛屿，海洋，加上矿物质，植物，和药品。案文还代表着广泛的信仰举行的古汉语。理查德Strassberg使导轨生命现代读者编织在一起翻译的工作本身的信息与来自其他文书和最近的考古发现，以创建一个华丽说明指南想象力的世界早期中国。
不同的是bestiaries已故中世纪时期，在欧洲，导轨没有解释allegorically ;的奇怪生物中所述被视为实际实体发现整个景观。这项工作最初是作为一种神圣的地理位置，作为一个指南旅客，并作为一本书的预兆。今天，它被认为是最富有的存放古代神话与萨满教的智慧。该导轨可能已被证明从一开始，但尚存的最早的木版版画插图是由一种罕见的1597年版。 76这些板块转载第一次来这里，他们提供了一个很好的例子，中国刻字艺术在明末。
这个美丽的数量，由一位著名的专家在外地，提供了一个迷人的窗口的思想和信仰的一种古老的人，并为观众带来欢乐的专家和普通读者一样的。

Answer 2

(1)中国人集的概念,提出了一种迷人的盛会,从一个独特的神话创造物和持久的cosmography写在古代的中国。论文通过山和海的第四次,编译一个世纪之间,公元前约包含对数以百计的神奇的山川、河流、岛屿和海,随着矿物、植物、药。文本也代表了一个广泛的信念举行的中国古代。理查德Strassberg带来的论文中以现代的读者通过编织在一起工作本身的翻译文本信息,近年的考古发现,创建一个奢侈的导览手册,富于想象力的世界的早期中国。
不同的bestiaries中世纪晚期在欧洲,论文没有解释的同时,奇怪的生物中所描述的是作为实际实体遍布大地。这项工作是用来作为一种神圣的地理位置,作为一个指南,和作为一本书的预兆。今天,它被看作是最富有的中国古代神话和库萨满教的智慧。论文的可能已经从一开始,但最高幸存的插图是由一个罕见的版画1597版。这些盘子是复制76名第一次,他们提供了一个很好的例子就是中国雕刻艺术在明末。
这美丽的体积,编制一个知名的专业领域中,提供了一个引人入胜的思想和信仰的窗口的一个古老的人们,将让专家和广大读者的相似。

Answer 3

In
addressing
the
question
of
what
is
meant
by
inclusive
development,
two
issues
arise.
在解释包容性发展时,会出现两个问题。
First,
the
distinction
between
growth
and
development
and,
second,
the
import
of
the
term
‘inclusive’.’Development
brings
into
play
dimensions
of
well-being
beyond
simply
income,
while
‘inclusive’
focuses
attention
on
the
distribution
of
well-being
in
society.
Further
intricacies
arise,
as
will
be
seen,
because
the
answers
to
these
two
questions
are
in
fact
interrelated.
首先是增长和发展的区别,其次是泊来的“包容性”这个词。”发展”即带来的幸福指数超越普通人的所得,而“包容性”则聚焦于整个社会幸福指数的分布。我们会看到从概念上是十分混淆的,因为这两个问题的关联度很高。
In
principle
the
distinction
between
growth
and
development
should
be
clear
at
a
general,
abstract
level.
Growth
refers
to
economic
growth
or,
in
other
words,
to
increase
in
per
capita
income.
This
is
a
narrowly
defined
technical
concept
that
is
measurable
and
is
indeed
measured
by
statistical
agencies
the
world
over.
Development,
on
the
other
hand,
is
not
at
all
well
defined,
at
least
not
as
precisely
defined,
as
growth.
At
different
times
the
term
has
been
used
to
refer
to,
among
others,
(1)
just
economic
growth,
(2)
changes
in
the
economic
structure
of
production
(rising
share
of
industry
and
then
services
from
an
agricultural
base),
(3)
spatial
distribution
of
population
(increasing
urbanization)
and
(4)
improvements
in
‘social
indicators’
of
education
and
health.
The
‘modernization’
debate
in
the
social
sciences
has
partly
been
about
the
normative
significance
of
the
trajectory
of
a
country
which
might
go
through
the
above
changes:
is
it
a
good
thing
and
should
countries
aim
to
go
through
this
trajectory?
原则上，描述增长和发展这两个概念无论在具体或抽象层面上都应该很清晰。增长是指经济增长,或者说是人均收入增加。这是一个狭义的概念,是可衡量的,且世界各地的统计机构都在做。另一方面,发展不是能明确定义的,至少不能像增长一样精确定义。在不同的时期,这个词被用来指,(1)只是经济增长,(2)经济结构转变(越来越多的行业从一个以农业为基础转为行业多元化),(3)人口分布格局变化(增加城市化),(4)教育和健康等社会问题得到改善。在社会科学领域关于“现代化”的争论,一个国家的发展轨迹应该通过上述转变:国家要经历这样的轨迹是不是一件好事?
Perhaps
the
best-known
exemplar
of
the
distinction
between
growth
and
development,
certainly
the
best
known
in
terms
of
indicators
that
are
on
par
quantitatively
with
economic
growth
as
an
indicator,
is
the
Human
Development
Index
(HDI).
As
is
well
known,
this
index
combines
per
capita
income
of
a
country
with
two
other
indicators
to
arrive
at
a
single
index
of
‘development’.
The
two
other
indicators
relate
to
education
(measured
by
literacy
rate)
and
health
(measured
by
life
expectancy).
The
objectives
of
those
who
formulated
and
developed
the
HDI
included
the
explicit
broadening
of
the
evaluation
of
country
performance
from
sole
reliance
on
per
capita
income
to
other
dimensions
of
human
well-being.
要说关于增长和发展的区别最著名的范例,
在量化指标上当然是经济增长,就是人类发展指数(HDI)。众所周知,这个指数包含一个国家的人均收入以及达到另外两个“发展”指标。这两个指标与教育(衡量方式是识字率)和健康(衡量方式是预期寿命)。人们制定和完善人类发展指数，对一个国家的绩效评估从唯一的人均收入指标到人类幸福指数等其他维度。