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Whenthesoluteatomisfairlysimilarinsizetothatofthesolvent,forexamplechromiumdissolvedi...
When the solute atom is fairly similar in size to that of the solvent, for example chromium dissolved in either α-orγ-Fe iron, then solute atoms will substitute for some of the solvent atoms and the result is calls a “substitutional solid-solution”. It is important that in both substitutional and interstitial solid-solutions the sites occupied by specific atoms are random, consequently adding the solute does not change the crystal structure .In contrast, in an intermetallic compound, such as NiAl, the different atoms sit on specific sites. NiAl, for example, is a cubic structure in which nickel atoms sit at the cube corners and aluminum at the body center. Since each cube corner side is shared by eight unit cells and each body center site is entirely within a unit cell, this produces:
8 corner sites/8 unit cells sharing each site=1 nickel atom per unit cell
1 body center site/1 unit cell containing the site=1 aluminum atom per unit cell
This gives a nickel atom to aluminum atom ratio of 1:1 and hence a chemical formula of NiAl.
This structure is nothing like that of either a substitutional solid solution of aluminum in nickel, which is FCC, or of nickel in aluminum, which is also FCC, although with a different lattice parameter .It might seem tempting at first sight to describe the structure of NiAl as BCC. However, this is not the case, since the nickel and aluminum atoms have their own distinctive sites. Try covering up either the nickel or the aluminum atoms and it will be apparent that the structure is simply a cube and this is an example of what is known as a “simple cubic” or ”primitive cubic” structure.
Not all unit cells are cubic. For example, the unit cell of the carbide Fe3C is in the shape of a cuboid with three sides of different lengths (a, b and c) and is an example of an “orthorhomcic” structure. The structure of α-Fe can become distorted in steels subjected to special treatments, such that instead of a BCC structure (which is cubic with three sides of length a0 ) a “body centered tetragonal” structure in which two of the sides have length a and one side has a length c with c>a is produced.
The science of crystal structures and the methods by which they are determined experimentally makes up the subject of “crystallography”. 展开
8 corner sites/8 unit cells sharing each site=1 nickel atom per unit cell
1 body center site/1 unit cell containing the site=1 aluminum atom per unit cell
This gives a nickel atom to aluminum atom ratio of 1:1 and hence a chemical formula of NiAl.
This structure is nothing like that of either a substitutional solid solution of aluminum in nickel, which is FCC, or of nickel in aluminum, which is also FCC, although with a different lattice parameter .It might seem tempting at first sight to describe the structure of NiAl as BCC. However, this is not the case, since the nickel and aluminum atoms have their own distinctive sites. Try covering up either the nickel or the aluminum atoms and it will be apparent that the structure is simply a cube and this is an example of what is known as a “simple cubic” or ”primitive cubic” structure.
Not all unit cells are cubic. For example, the unit cell of the carbide Fe3C is in the shape of a cuboid with three sides of different lengths (a, b and c) and is an example of an “orthorhomcic” structure. The structure of α-Fe can become distorted in steels subjected to special treatments, such that instead of a BCC structure (which is cubic with three sides of length a0 ) a “body centered tetragonal” structure in which two of the sides have length a and one side has a length c with c>a is produced.
The science of crystal structures and the methods by which they are determined experimentally makes up the subject of “crystallography”. 展开
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当溶质原子是相当大小相似的溶剂溶解在水中,举例来说,要么α-orγ-Fe铬铸铁,然后溶质原子会取代一些溶剂的原子,结果是所谓的“替代solid-solution”。它是重要的,在这两间solid-solutions替代的特殊场所占用的都是随机的,因此增加原子溶质不改变了晶体结构。相反,在一个金属间化合物,如NiAl,不同的原子坐在特定位点。NiAl,举例来说,是一个立体结构中镍的原子坐在角落的立方体,铝在身体的中心。由于每个立方体角边是共享的八个单元细胞和身体的每个中心遗址是完全在单元,该产品:
8角工地/ 8单元细胞共享每一个网站= 1镍原子单位细胞
1体中心的网站/ 1单元包含现场= 1铝原子单位细胞
这给了镍的原子铝原子比为1:1,因此NiAl化学公式。
这个结构是完全不一样,可替代固溶铝镍,FCC,或用铝镍,也就是FCC,尽管有着不同网格参数,第一眼看上去诱人的结构来描述NiAl作为基底细胞癌。然而,事实并非如此,因为镍和铝原子都有自己独特的地点。试着掩盖或镍或铝原子,它将会很明显的,只不过是一个立方体结构,这是一个例子就是著名的“简单立方”或“原始立方”的结构。
并不是所有的单位细胞立方。举例来说,这个单元的硬质合金Fe3C是一个长方体的形状与三个方面不同长度(a,b和c),是一种“orthorhomcic”的结构。α-Fe结构可以被扭曲的钢筋受到特别的治疗,这不是一个BCC结构(立方米的长度与三个方面为“身体的应用,使得“结构,其中的两个方面,有长一段一边有一个是用c c >。
科学的晶体结构和方法进行了实验确定了主题为“重”。
8角工地/ 8单元细胞共享每一个网站= 1镍原子单位细胞
1体中心的网站/ 1单元包含现场= 1铝原子单位细胞
这给了镍的原子铝原子比为1:1,因此NiAl化学公式。
这个结构是完全不一样,可替代固溶铝镍,FCC,或用铝镍,也就是FCC,尽管有着不同网格参数,第一眼看上去诱人的结构来描述NiAl作为基底细胞癌。然而,事实并非如此,因为镍和铝原子都有自己独特的地点。试着掩盖或镍或铝原子,它将会很明显的,只不过是一个立方体结构,这是一个例子就是著名的“简单立方”或“原始立方”的结构。
并不是所有的单位细胞立方。举例来说,这个单元的硬质合金Fe3C是一个长方体的形状与三个方面不同长度(a,b和c),是一种“orthorhomcic”的结构。α-Fe结构可以被扭曲的钢筋受到特别的治疗,这不是一个BCC结构(立方米的长度与三个方面为“身体的应用,使得“结构,其中的两个方面,有长一段一边有一个是用c c >。
科学的晶体结构和方法进行了实验确定了主题为“重”。
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当溶质原子相当类似大小的溶剂,例如铬解散或者α - orγ铁铁,然后将溶质原子取代一些溶剂原子和结果是所谓的“替代固溶“ 。重要的是,在这两个替代和间质性固态解决方案所占用的网站具体的原子是随机的,因此增加了溶质不会改变的晶体结构。与此相反,在一间化合物,如NiAl金属,不同的原子坐在具体网站。 NiAl金属,例如,是立方结构的镍原子坐在角落立方体和铝在人体中心。由于每个立方体角落方面所共有8个单位细胞中心和各机构的网站完全是细胞内的一个单位,这个生产:
8角落网站/ 8单位细胞分享每个网站= 1镍原子单位细胞
1身体中心网站/ 1晶胞包含网站= 1铝原子单位细胞
这使镍原子铝原子比为1:1 ,因此化学公式的NiAl 。
这种结构是不一样的,也可以取代固溶体中的铝镍,这是催化裂化,或镍铝,这也是催化裂化,虽然以不同的晶格常数。似乎诱人乍一看来描述结构NiAl金属作为基底细胞癌的。然而,情况并非如此,因为镍和铝原子有自己独特的网站。尝试隐瞒或者镍或铝原子和这将是明显的结构仅仅是一个立方体,这是一个例子,什么是所谓的“简单立方”或“原始立方”的结构。
并非所有单位细胞立方米。例如,晶胞的碳化物Fe3C是形状的长方体与三面不同长度( A , B和C ) ,是一个例子,一个“ orthorhomcic ”的结构。结构的α - Fe相可以成为扭曲钢中受到特殊待遇,例如,而不是一个bcc结构(这是立方米的三面长度a0 )一个“身体中心四方”的结构,其中两个双方长度1和一方的长度ç与C “ A是生产。
科学的晶体结构和所采用的方法,他们决心弥补实验主题的“结晶” 。
8角落网站/ 8单位细胞分享每个网站= 1镍原子单位细胞
1身体中心网站/ 1晶胞包含网站= 1铝原子单位细胞
这使镍原子铝原子比为1:1 ,因此化学公式的NiAl 。
这种结构是不一样的,也可以取代固溶体中的铝镍,这是催化裂化,或镍铝,这也是催化裂化,虽然以不同的晶格常数。似乎诱人乍一看来描述结构NiAl金属作为基底细胞癌的。然而,情况并非如此,因为镍和铝原子有自己独特的网站。尝试隐瞒或者镍或铝原子和这将是明显的结构仅仅是一个立方体,这是一个例子,什么是所谓的“简单立方”或“原始立方”的结构。
并非所有单位细胞立方米。例如,晶胞的碳化物Fe3C是形状的长方体与三面不同长度( A , B和C ) ,是一个例子,一个“ orthorhomcic ”的结构。结构的α - Fe相可以成为扭曲钢中受到特殊待遇,例如,而不是一个bcc结构(这是立方米的三面长度a0 )一个“身体中心四方”的结构,其中两个双方长度1和一方的长度ç与C “ A是生产。
科学的晶体结构和所采用的方法,他们决心弥补实验主题的“结晶” 。
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