Question

英语语句基本结构

英语高手进…有关词性顺序

Answer 1

主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），数词，动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。

谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。

宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’

定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。

状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。

Answer 2

（一）
英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 、补语（complement）

1．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首
The girl is pretty.
Reading is useful.
To see is to believe.
They are good friends.
2.谓语：谓语说明主语做什么，以什么状态或特征存在，由简单动词或者动词短语构成
They are teachers.
She looks well.
He studies hard.
He laughed at his classmates.
He can speak English.
3.表语：表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当，表语位于系动词后面。
I am a teacher.
She feels happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
He went mad.
Seeing is believing.
4.宾语：宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当，它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后。
She plays the piano.
He often helps me.
I like watching TV.
She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
I think that he is good boy.
5.定语：定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语。
The black bike is mine.
What’s your name?
I have 5 books.
A sleeping boy is sleeping.
They made paper flowers.
The boy in the room is Jack.
6.状语：状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度。一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当。
He did it carefully.
He studied very hard.
I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.
He is writing with a pen.
I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
7.补语：英语补语的作用对象是主语和宾语。补语是起补充说明作用的成分，最常见的是宾语补足语。名词，动名词，形容词，副词，不定式，现在分词，过去分词都可以在句子中做宾补。
If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
Leave the door open.
We found John out when we arrived.
Make yourself at home.
I heard my name called.
(二)
1.名词可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语a:主语：The villagers didn’t realize how serious the pollution was until the fish in the river died. 2.代词可做主语、表语、宾语、定语；其中，疑问代词有who, whom, whose, what, which等，在句中用来构成特殊疑问句，疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句）。关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, as等，可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可做主语，表语，宾语，定语等。 3.数词一般作定语，也可做主语、表语、宾语；a:定语：There are only three boys in the class.b:主语：Three of them will play football.c:宾语：The city has a population of three million.d:表语：I am eighteen. 4.形容词作定语和表语,状语,宾补；a:定语：What a fine day!b:表语：The scene was horrifying.c:状语：He arrived home, hungry and tired.d:宾补：Do you think it necessary? 5.副词在句中可作状语，有时也作表语和补语，定语。a:状语：He works hard.b:表语：Is she in?c:补语：Let him out! 6.不定式通常做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语；a.宾语：I happen to know the answer to your question.b.补语：We believe him to be guilty.c.主语：To see is to believe.d.表语：His dream is to be a doctor.e:状语：I come here only to say good-bye to you. 7.动名词可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语。a:主语：Fighting broke out between the South and the North.b:宾语：Would you mind turning downc:表语：Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 8.名词性从句：名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语，宾语，表语，介词宾语，同位语等。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。a:主语从句：What he wants to tell us is not clear.b:宾语从句：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.c:表语从句：That’s just what I want.d:同位语从句：The news that we won the game is exciting. 9.分词可以做定语，状语，补语，表语。
a.定语：We can see the rising sun.
He is a retired worker.
b.状语：There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.
Heated, liquids can be changed into gases.
c.补语：I found my car missing.
I’ll have my watch repaired.
d.表语：She looked tired with cooking.
He remained standing beside the table.
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