Question

高手帮忙翻译一下，谢谢了

四 试验结果及分析
4.1结构参数对操作参数的影响
在实验前期，采用的溢流口为12mm的口径，底流口为8mm的口径的结构，相对于后期的溢流口12mm，底流口为6mm的口径的结构，在相同进流口流量的情况下其底流流量在底流口为6mm的口径的情况下明显减小。
改造前后的流量
在改造之后，进口压力明显增大，而且底流与进流比明显减小，有益于调控活性污泥的回流比。
4.2操作参数对分离效果的影响
在前期进行了多组实验都是比较进流口，溢流口以及底流口的流量在不同的情况下对分离浓缩活性污泥效果的影响。
操作参数对分离效果的影响

从以上图表中进行比较发觉随着流量的增大，其分离效果也有一定的改善。
4.3 絮凝剂对分离效果的影响
4.3.1絮凝剂在水力旋流器分离过程中的应用
在40L左右的水中分别加入了50ml和100ml质量浓度为1％的混凝剂聚丙烯酰胺。在一定程度上提高了分离的效果，但是对于用量上使用50ml与100ml没有明显差距。可能在50ml时用量已达到饱和。
加入50ml混凝剂后的分离效果

加入100ml混凝剂后的分离效果
4.3.2絮凝体在水力旋流后的破碎情况
在投加絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺的前后，我们分别对污泥做了沉降实验，
图中B为混凝前的沉降效果，C为混凝后未进行旋流时的沉降效果，D为旋流后的水中污泥沉降效果。对比以上三个表格的沉降效果，可见投加絮凝剂后颗粒物产生了一定的絮凝效果，在0.15m/min的速度下未投加混凝剂的污泥大部分颗粒已经沉降结束，而投加混凝剂后无论时旋流前还是旋流后，在0.5m/min的速度下即可达到了大部分污泥的沉降，在旋流后并未出现明显的絮凝体破碎现象。
4.4 结构参数对分离效果的影响
在前期实验中溢流口为12mm的口径，底流口为8mm的口径，底流口浓度仅能达到溢流口浓度的1～2倍。之后对旋流器的结构进行改造，将其改为溢流口12mm，底流口为6mm，分离效果得到明显改善，底流口浓度可以达到溢流口污泥浓度的2～3倍。减小旋流器底流口直径可以提高污泥的分离效果。
底流口改造前的分离效果
底流口改造后的分离效果
4.5 结论
4.6.1 选用小锥角旋流器运用于污泥脱水作业可行，在一定的情况下分离效果较好
4.6.2 絮凝剂对旋流分离有一定的效果，但是效果并不明显，在使用时可能会对污泥造成二次污染，所以不建议使用
4.6.3 在改变操作参数和结构参数中，在同样的条件下改变底流口对效果的影响最大
五 工业应用展望
在目前活性污泥处理废水的过程中，主要是应用二沉池对onclick="g('曝气');">曝气池排出的泥水进行分离的。这样可以使回流的污泥浓度较高，回流量较少，可以降低初沉池的负荷，并且减小了二沉池的处理量，在一定程度内也可以降低二沉池的负荷量。
单独使用水力旋流器会在一定程度上将污泥的絮体打碎，但可在进入二沉池之间投加一定的药物使其能够重新絮凝，而且相对于二沉池有一定的耗能。但是其处理效率高，分离效果较好，而且占地面积较二沉池小很多。因此可以将其应用于onclick="g('曝气');">曝气池和二沉池之间，提高分离的效率，并且有效的减少了厂房的占地面积，对于在原厂的基础上增加水处理量时，选用水力旋流器代替部分二沉池也是一个不错的选择。在当今的环保建设中，水力旋流器将越来越多的用在环保建设中。

Answer 1

Four test results and analysis
4.1 Structural Parameters on the impact of operating parameters
Early in the experiment, used for overflow from the mouth of the caliber 12mm, 8mm population at the end of flow of the caliber of the structure, as opposed to the late overflow 12mm, at the end of the stream mouth to 6mm diameter of the structure of the mouth at the same inlet flow conditions its at the end of stream flow in the mouth at the end of the 6mm diameter for the case of significantly reduced.
Flow before and after transformation
After the transformation, the pressure of imports increased significantly, and at the end than the inlet flow and significantly reduced, the benefit of regulation and control of activated sludge reflux ratio.
4.2 Effect of operating parameters on the separation of the effects of
Carried out in the early experimental group are relatively more flow into the mouth of the overflow stream at the end of the mouth, as well as the flow of population in different concentration of isolated cases, the effect of activated sludge.
Operating parameters on the separation effect

From the above comparison chart that as the flow increases, its separation efficiency is also improved.
4.3 Effect of flocculant on the impact of separation
4.3.1 Flocculant in Hydrocyclone Separation Process
40L of water in about 50ml were added and 100ml to 1% concentration of polyacrylamide coagulant. To some extent, the effect of increased separation, but the amount of the use of 50ml and 100ml no obvious gap. When the amount of 50ml may be reaching capacity.
After adding 50ml of separation coagulant

After adding 100ml of the separation of coagulant effect
4.3.2 Hydrocyclone floc in the broken case after
In the polyacrylamide flocculant dosing before and after, we made a settlement of the sludge experiments
B chart for the settlement of pre-coagulation effect, C is not carried out after coagulation swirl effect at the time of the settlement, D for the sludge in the water after the cyclone effect of the settlement. Comparison of these three forms of the settlement results can be seen after the addition of flocculant particles have a certain degree of flocculation, in 0.15m/min not the speed of sludge coagulant dosing the majority of particles have been the end of the settlement, and the dosage When post-coagulant swirl swirl before or after the 0.5m/min speeds can reach most of the settlement of the sludge, after the cyclone has not been a noticeable phenomenon of floc fragmentation.
4.4 Structural Parameters on the effect of separation
Early experiments in the overflow population of the caliber 12mm, 8mm at the end of the stream mouth to speak with one voice, at the end of the concentration of flow I can only achieve the overflow concentration of 1 ~ 2 times. Cyclone after the transformation of the structure will be changed to overflow its 12mm, at the end of flow port for 6mm, improved separation efficiency, the concentration of population at the end of stream overflow sludge can reach concentrations of 2 to 3 times. Reduce the cyclone diameter at the end of flow separation can increase the effect of sludge.
I modified the end of the pre-flow separation
I modified the end of the flow separation
4.5 Conclusion
4.6.1 Selection of a small cone angle used in sludge dewatering hydrocyclone operation feasible, in some cases better separation
4.6.2 Study on the Separation of flocculant to a certain degree of effect, but the effect is not obvious that, in the use of sewage sludge may cause secondary pollution, so I do not recommend the use of
4.6.3 changing the operating parameters and structural parameters, under the same conditions to change the flow at the end of the effect of the mouth of the largest
V. Prospects for industrial applications
In the present activated sludge wastewater treatment process, mainly the application of secondary sedimentation tank of the onclick = "g ( '');"> aeration aeration tank of water from the separation. This will return a higher concentration of the sludge return flow less, can reduce the load of the primary sedimentation tank and a secondary sedimentation tank to reduce the handling capacity, to a certain extent also can reduce the secondary sedimentation tank of the load.
Hydrocyclone used alone to some extent in the sludge flocs will break, but into the secondary sedimentation tank in between the dosage of certain drugs to enable them to re-flocculation, and compared with the secondary sedimentation tank have a certain energy . However, dealing with high efficiency, better separation, and covers an area smaller than a lot of secondary sedimentation tank. Therefore can be used in onclick = "g ( '');"> aeration aeration tank and between the secondary sedimentation tank and improve separation efficiency, and reduce the effective area of the plant, for the basis of the original increase water treatment capacity, the selection of hydrocyclone instead of secondary sedimentation tank is also a good choice. In today's environmentally-friendly construction, hydrocyclones will be used more and more environmentally-friendly construction.