帮忙将以下金融市场的资料翻译成英文 25
1.资本市场在规范中发展1990年10月和1991年4月，上海证券交易所和深圳证券交易所先后成立。经过12年的改革和发展，中国已经形成了以债券和股票为主体的多种证券形式并...
1.资本市场在规范中发展
1990年10月和1991年4月，上海证券交易所和深圳证券交易所先后成立。经过12年的改革和发展，中国已经形成了以债券和股票为主体的多种证券形式并存，包括证券交易所、市场中介机构和监管机构初步健全的全国性资本市场体系，有关交易规则和监管办法也正在日益完善。到2001年底，中国境内上市公司已达1160家，市价总值4.35万亿元，流通市值1.45万亿元，市价总值与GDP的比为45.4%。1991年以来，A、B、H股累计筹资7700亿元。证券市场在改革投融资体制，促进产业结构调整，推动企业转换经营机制，完善企业法人治理结构等方面发挥了非常重要的作用。
股票市场的迅速发展也可以从股票市场筹资规模的扩张以及股票筹资额和银行贷款增加额的比率变化中得以体现。1993年境内股票筹资额为276.41亿元，占银行贷款增加额的比率为4.36%，而2001年境内股票筹资额达到1182.15亿元，与银行贷款增加额的比例上升到9.15%。
除了股票市场的迅速发展以外，债券发行规模的扩张，特别是国债和政策性金融债的扩张，也是推动中国金融资产规模扩张、改变金融资产结构的重要力量。在开始发行企业债和金融债的1986年，国债余额占各种债券余额的比重为73%，1994年以后，国债发行的绝对规模迅速攀升，国债发行额与GDP的比率也不断上升，1995年新开辟了政策性金融债，形成了国债和政策性金融债共同主导债券市场的局面。到2001年底，国债余额、政策性金融债券余额和企业债额分别为15618亿元、8534.48亿元和1008.63亿元，国债和政策性金融债券余额占债券总余额的96%。
2.保险市场的深度和广度不断扩大
中国保险市场快速发展，保险业务品种日益丰富，保险业务范围逐步扩大，保费收入较快增长。1989年末全国保费收入142.4亿元，2001年为2109.4亿元，年均增长25，2%。2001年，中国保险机构共对19.3万亿元财产进行了保险。全年保费收人与GDP的比率(保险深度)为2.2%，同比增加0.4个百分点人均保费收入(保险密度)168.8元，同比增加41.1元；保险公司支付赔款和给付598.3亿元，同比增加70，9亿元。商业保险已成为中国社会保障体系的一个重要组成部分。保险市场的发展在保障经济、稳定社会、造福人民等方面发挥了重要作用。
3.外汇市场的发展
1994年4月，中国在上海建立了全国统一的银行间外汇市场，将原来分散的外汇交易集中统一起来，为成功进行外汇管理体制改革，形成单一的、有管理的人民币汇率体制奠定了重要的市场基础。8年多来，银行间外汇市场的效率不断提高，成交规模不断扩大。目前，银行间外汇市场开办了美元、日元、港币、欧元对人民币的交易。到2001年底，已累计成交各币种折合美元4397.7亿美无其中，2001年各币种外汇交易折合750亿美元。
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1990年10月和1991年4月，上海证券交易所和深圳证券交易所先后成立。经过12年的改革和发展，中国已经形成了以债券和股票为主体的多种证券形式并存，包括证券交易所、市场中介机构和监管机构初步健全的全国性资本市场体系，有关交易规则和监管办法也正在日益完善。到2001年底，中国境内上市公司已达1160家，市价总值4.35万亿元，流通市值1.45万亿元，市价总值与GDP的比为45.4%。1991年以来，A、B、H股累计筹资7700亿元。证券市场在改革投融资体制，促进产业结构调整，推动企业转换经营机制，完善企业法人治理结构等方面发挥了非常重要的作用。
股票市场的迅速发展也可以从股票市场筹资规模的扩张以及股票筹资额和银行贷款增加额的比率变化中得以体现。1993年境内股票筹资额为276.41亿元，占银行贷款增加额的比率为4.36%，而2001年境内股票筹资额达到1182.15亿元，与银行贷款增加额的比例上升到9.15%。
除了股票市场的迅速发展以外，债券发行规模的扩张，特别是国债和政策性金融债的扩张，也是推动中国金融资产规模扩张、改变金融资产结构的重要力量。在开始发行企业债和金融债的1986年，国债余额占各种债券余额的比重为73%，1994年以后，国债发行的绝对规模迅速攀升，国债发行额与GDP的比率也不断上升，1995年新开辟了政策性金融债，形成了国债和政策性金融债共同主导债券市场的局面。到2001年底，国债余额、政策性金融债券余额和企业债额分别为15618亿元、8534.48亿元和1008.63亿元，国债和政策性金融债券余额占债券总余额的96%。
2.保险市场的深度和广度不断扩大
中国保险市场快速发展，保险业务品种日益丰富，保险业务范围逐步扩大，保费收入较快增长。1989年末全国保费收入142.4亿元，2001年为2109.4亿元，年均增长25，2%。2001年，中国保险机构共对19.3万亿元财产进行了保险。全年保费收人与GDP的比率(保险深度)为2.2%，同比增加0.4个百分点人均保费收入(保险密度)168.8元，同比增加41.1元；保险公司支付赔款和给付598.3亿元，同比增加70，9亿元。商业保险已成为中国社会保障体系的一个重要组成部分。保险市场的发展在保障经济、稳定社会、造福人民等方面发挥了重要作用。
3.外汇市场的发展
1994年4月，中国在上海建立了全国统一的银行间外汇市场，将原来分散的外汇交易集中统一起来，为成功进行外汇管理体制改革，形成单一的、有管理的人民币汇率体制奠定了重要的市场基础。8年多来，银行间外汇市场的效率不断提高，成交规模不断扩大。目前，银行间外汇市场开办了美元、日元、港币、欧元对人民币的交易。到2001年底，已累计成交各币种折合美元4397.7亿美无其中，2001年各币种外汇交易折合750亿美元。
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October 1990 and April 1991, Shanghai stock exchange and shenzhen stock exchange has established. After 12 years of reform and development, China has formed a bond and stock for various securities form coexist, including stock exchange, the market intermediary organizations and regulators preliminary sound national capital market system, the relevant rules and regulation measures are also increasingly perfect. By the end of 2001, China's listed companies already amounted to 160, total value 435 trillion yuan, current market prise 1.45 trillion yuan, the total value of the ratio of 45.4% with GDP. Since 1991, A, B and h-share accumulative total financing 77 million yuan. Stock market investment and financing system, promote the reform in the adjustment of industrial structure, promote enterprise operation mechanism of transformation corporate governance structure, perfect play a very important role.
The rapid development of the stock market also can from the stock market, and stock financing scale expansion of soes and bank loan provided in the ratio. In 1993, domestic stock soes for 276.41 billion yuan, accounting for bank loans provided for, and 4.36% ratio of domestic stock of soes in 2001 to 1182.15 billion yuan, and the proportion of bank loan provided 9.15% to rise.
Except for the rapid development of the stock market, bond issuance expansion, especially the Treasury and JinRongZhai policy is to promote the expansion of China's financial assets, the expansion of the financial asset structure, change the important strength. At the beginning of QiYeZhai and JinRongZhai issuance of Treasury bonds in 1986, the balance of bonds, the proportion of balance for 73 percent in 1994, national debt is issued after the absolute scale, national debt so and rising rapidly rising rate of GDP and 1995, opened a new policy JinRongZhai, formed a bond and policy JinRongZhai common leading the bond market situation. By the end of 2001, bonds, financial bonds balance policy respectively QiYeZhai balance and forehead 15618 billion yuan, 8534.48 billion and $1008.63 billion yuan, the Treasury bonds of policy and financial balance of total balance 96% of bonds.
2 the width and depth of the insurance market expansion
Rapid development of China's insurance market, insurance business varieties are increasingly rich, insurance business scope gradually expand the premium income, rapid growth. At the end of the premium income, 1989 142.4 billion yuan in 2001, 2109.4 billion yuan, with an average annual growth 25,2 %. In 2001, China insurance institutions in 19.3 trillion yuan on the property insurance. Annual premium income and GDP ratio (for instance, the depth of the insurance year-on-year increase) 0.4 percentage points per capita income (insurance premium 168.8 density), increasing by $41.1 yuan, Insurance company pays reparations and pay 598.3 billion yuan, up 70,9 billion yuan. Commercial insurance has become China's social security system is an important part. The development of the insurance market in economy and social stability, benefit the people has played an important role.
3 the foreign exchange market development
In April of 1994, established in Shanghai of China national unified inter-bank foreign exchange market, foreign exchange scattered originally concentrated to unify, for the success of the reform of the foreign exchange administration system, form a single, management of RMB exchange rate system laid an important foundation of the market. 8 years, in the inter-bank foreign exchange market efficiency improving, clinch a deal the scale unceasingly expands. Currently, the inter-bank foreign exchange market opened hk dollar, yen, the euro, trading. By the end of 2001, clinch a deal amount already accumulative total $each currency 4397.7 billion dollars in 2001, including the currency exchange transactions over 750 million dollars.
The rapid development of the stock market also can from the stock market, and stock financing scale expansion of soes and bank loan provided in the ratio. In 1993, domestic stock soes for 276.41 billion yuan, accounting for bank loans provided for, and 4.36% ratio of domestic stock of soes in 2001 to 1182.15 billion yuan, and the proportion of bank loan provided 9.15% to rise.
Except for the rapid development of the stock market, bond issuance expansion, especially the Treasury and JinRongZhai policy is to promote the expansion of China's financial assets, the expansion of the financial asset structure, change the important strength. At the beginning of QiYeZhai and JinRongZhai issuance of Treasury bonds in 1986, the balance of bonds, the proportion of balance for 73 percent in 1994, national debt is issued after the absolute scale, national debt so and rising rapidly rising rate of GDP and 1995, opened a new policy JinRongZhai, formed a bond and policy JinRongZhai common leading the bond market situation. By the end of 2001, bonds, financial bonds balance policy respectively QiYeZhai balance and forehead 15618 billion yuan, 8534.48 billion and $1008.63 billion yuan, the Treasury bonds of policy and financial balance of total balance 96% of bonds.
2 the width and depth of the insurance market expansion
Rapid development of China's insurance market, insurance business varieties are increasingly rich, insurance business scope gradually expand the premium income, rapid growth. At the end of the premium income, 1989 142.4 billion yuan in 2001, 2109.4 billion yuan, with an average annual growth 25,2 %. In 2001, China insurance institutions in 19.3 trillion yuan on the property insurance. Annual premium income and GDP ratio (for instance, the depth of the insurance year-on-year increase) 0.4 percentage points per capita income (insurance premium 168.8 density), increasing by $41.1 yuan, Insurance company pays reparations and pay 598.3 billion yuan, up 70,9 billion yuan. Commercial insurance has become China's social security system is an important part. The development of the insurance market in economy and social stability, benefit the people has played an important role.
3 the foreign exchange market development
In April of 1994, established in Shanghai of China national unified inter-bank foreign exchange market, foreign exchange scattered originally concentrated to unify, for the success of the reform of the foreign exchange administration system, form a single, management of RMB exchange rate system laid an important foundation of the market. 8 years, in the inter-bank foreign exchange market efficiency improving, clinch a deal the scale unceasingly expands. Currently, the inter-bank foreign exchange market opened hk dollar, yen, the euro, trading. By the end of 2001, clinch a deal amount already accumulative total $each currency 4397.7 billion dollars in 2001, including the currency exchange transactions over 750 million dollars.
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1. The capital market development in the specification
In October 1990 and April 1991, the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange has set up. After 12 years of reform and development, China has formed a bond and stock as the main form of the coexistence of a variety of securities, including stock exchanges, market intermediaries and regulatory bodies nationwide preliminary sound capital market system, the trading rules and regulatory approaches are also increasingly perfect. By the end of 2001, listed companies in China had reached 1160, a total market value of 4.35 trillion yuan, 1.45 trillion yuan in circulation market value of total market value of the ratio of GDP and 45.4 percent. Since 1991, A, B, H shares a total of 770 billion yuan fund-raising.
Stock market investment and financing system reform and to promote industrial restructuring, transforming operational mechanisms to promote enterprise and improve the corporate governance structure has played a very important role.
The rapid development of the stock market may also be obtained from the expansion of the size of the stock market financing, as well as the amount of equity financing and bank loans increased by changing the ratio of the amount reflected. The territory of equity financing in 1993 amounted to 27.641 billion yuan, accounting for the increase in bank lending rate was 4.36 percent, while the territory of equity financing in 2001 amounted to 118.215 billion yuan, with the increase in the amount of bank loans rose to 9.15 percent ratio.
In addition to the rapid development of the stock market, the expansion of the scale of bond issuance, especially treasury bonds and policy金融债expansion, but also promote the expansion of China's financial assets, changes in the structure of financial assets are an important force. Corporate bonds issued in the beginning and in 1986 the金融债, a variety of treasury bonds accounted for the balance of the balance of the account for 73% in 1994, the bonds issued by a rapid increase in absolute size, the amount of bonds issued and the percentage of GDP is also rising in 1995 opened up a new policy金融债formed a bond and policy co-led the bond market金融债situation. By the end of 2001,
Balance of government bonds, policy financial bonds and corporate debt balance of the amount of 1.5618 trillion yuan, respectively, 853.448 billion yuan and 100.863 billion yuan, treasury bonds and policy financial bonds accounted for the balance of the total debt balance of 96%.
2. The insurance market continued to expand the depth and breadth of
The rapid development of China's insurance market, the increasingly rich variety of insurance, and gradually expand the scope of insurance business, premium income increased rapidly. The end of the year 1989 national premium income 14.24 billion yuan in 2001 to 210.94 billion yuan, an average annual increase of 25,2%. In 2001, China's insurance agency a total of 19.3 trillion yuan of property insurance. Annual premium income and GDP ratio (insurance depth) is 2.2%, 0.4 percentage points year-on-year increase in premium income per capita (insurance density) 168.8 yuan, an increase of 41.1 yuan; insurance companies to pay compensation and benefits 59.83 billion yuan, up 70,9 billion increase.
Commercial insurance has become China's social security system an important component. Development of the insurance market in the security and stability of our society, such as the benefit of the people played an important role.
3. The development of the foreign exchange market
April 1994, in Shanghai, China established a national unified interbank foreign exchange market, the original fragmentation of centralized and unified foreign exchange transactions, and for the successful conduct of foreign exchange management system to form a single, managed to lay the RMB exchange rate system an important market infrastructure. 8 years, the efficiency of the interbank foreign exchange market, increasing the size of transactions continue to grow. At present, the interbank foreign exchange market opened U.S. dollar, Japanese yen, the Hong Kong dollar, the euro against the yuan's trading. By the end of 2001, the currency has traded worth 439.77 billion U.S. dollars without which, in 2001 the foreign exchange currency trading 75 billion U.S. dollars equivalent.
In October 1990 and April 1991, the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange has set up. After 12 years of reform and development, China has formed a bond and stock as the main form of the coexistence of a variety of securities, including stock exchanges, market intermediaries and regulatory bodies nationwide preliminary sound capital market system, the trading rules and regulatory approaches are also increasingly perfect. By the end of 2001, listed companies in China had reached 1160, a total market value of 4.35 trillion yuan, 1.45 trillion yuan in circulation market value of total market value of the ratio of GDP and 45.4 percent. Since 1991, A, B, H shares a total of 770 billion yuan fund-raising.
Stock market investment and financing system reform and to promote industrial restructuring, transforming operational mechanisms to promote enterprise and improve the corporate governance structure has played a very important role.
The rapid development of the stock market may also be obtained from the expansion of the size of the stock market financing, as well as the amount of equity financing and bank loans increased by changing the ratio of the amount reflected. The territory of equity financing in 1993 amounted to 27.641 billion yuan, accounting for the increase in bank lending rate was 4.36 percent, while the territory of equity financing in 2001 amounted to 118.215 billion yuan, with the increase in the amount of bank loans rose to 9.15 percent ratio.
In addition to the rapid development of the stock market, the expansion of the scale of bond issuance, especially treasury bonds and policy金融债expansion, but also promote the expansion of China's financial assets, changes in the structure of financial assets are an important force. Corporate bonds issued in the beginning and in 1986 the金融债, a variety of treasury bonds accounted for the balance of the balance of the account for 73% in 1994, the bonds issued by a rapid increase in absolute size, the amount of bonds issued and the percentage of GDP is also rising in 1995 opened up a new policy金融债formed a bond and policy co-led the bond market金融债situation. By the end of 2001,
Balance of government bonds, policy financial bonds and corporate debt balance of the amount of 1.5618 trillion yuan, respectively, 853.448 billion yuan and 100.863 billion yuan, treasury bonds and policy financial bonds accounted for the balance of the total debt balance of 96%.
2. The insurance market continued to expand the depth and breadth of
The rapid development of China's insurance market, the increasingly rich variety of insurance, and gradually expand the scope of insurance business, premium income increased rapidly. The end of the year 1989 national premium income 14.24 billion yuan in 2001 to 210.94 billion yuan, an average annual increase of 25,2%. In 2001, China's insurance agency a total of 19.3 trillion yuan of property insurance. Annual premium income and GDP ratio (insurance depth) is 2.2%, 0.4 percentage points year-on-year increase in premium income per capita (insurance density) 168.8 yuan, an increase of 41.1 yuan; insurance companies to pay compensation and benefits 59.83 billion yuan, up 70,9 billion increase.
Commercial insurance has become China's social security system an important component. Development of the insurance market in the security and stability of our society, such as the benefit of the people played an important role.
3. The development of the foreign exchange market
April 1994, in Shanghai, China established a national unified interbank foreign exchange market, the original fragmentation of centralized and unified foreign exchange transactions, and for the successful conduct of foreign exchange management system to form a single, managed to lay the RMB exchange rate system an important market infrastructure. 8 years, the efficiency of the interbank foreign exchange market, increasing the size of transactions continue to grow. At present, the interbank foreign exchange market opened U.S. dollar, Japanese yen, the Hong Kong dollar, the euro against the yuan's trading. By the end of 2001, the currency has traded worth 439.77 billion U.S. dollars without which, in 2001 the foreign exchange currency trading 75 billion U.S. dollars equivalent.
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