how to do,how to do it,what to do 有何区别
一、解释:
1、how to do
没有how to do这样的表达。
do是及物动词,后面应该加上宾语表示“做某事”,才算是完整的表达。而how表示的是“方式”,不能用作宾语,因此后面所接的to do必须跟个宾语。所以how to do是个不正确的表达。
2、how to do it
这里do 后面跟了宾语it,便是一个完整而又正确的表达。
意思是“怎么做(它),如何做(它)”,询问的是方式,例如完成某事的方法。
例句:Could you please tell me how to do it?(你能告诉我怎么做它吗?)
3、what to do
这里what是个代词,是可以作宾语的。what做的是do的宾语,提前,表示“做什么”的意思。
例句:Could you please tell me what to do this week?(你能告诉我这一周做什么吗?)
二、区别
how to do it询问的是方法,是完成某事应该怎么做;
what to do询问的是所做的事情,到底应该做什么。
注意:为什么what to do 不加it 而how to do 加it?
what to do 中 what 做do的宾语,不缺少成分,所以不需要it
how to do it 中 how 表示一种方式,不能做do的宾语,所以do后面加it
另外只有这种说法 what to do with it=how to deal with it
是没有 how to do with it,这是错误的。
what to do是完整的(what是do的宾语),表示做什么,故不定式后不可再加宾语;how to do是不完整的(how提问方式),必须加上do的宾语,表示如何做……;how to do it:如何做, how to do是不完整的(how提问方式),必须加上do的宾语it,表示如何做……
拓展
●what to do是完整的(what是do的宾语),表示做什么,故不定式后不可再加宾语,
如
I don't know what to do.
(= I don't know what I can do .)
●how to do是不完整的(how提问方式),必须加上do的宾语,表示如何做……
如
I don't knowhow to dothis thing.
(= I don't knowhow I can dothis thing.)
一般情况do后必须加上宾语,这两个短语都是特殊疑问词加不定式,相当宾语从句。 ●how to do it:如何做, how to do是不完整的(how提问方式),必须加上do的宾语it,表示如何做…… 如
Can you tell me how to do it with FW ?谈天说地 论坛就是大家的家,一家人有什么不能说的?
But can you tell me how to use it ,please ?可是,你能告诉我如何使用吗?
Can you tell me how to get there?你能告诉我到那里怎么走吗?
Can you tell me how to make these ink stains come out?你能告诉我怎么除去这些墨水渍吗?
“疑问词+不定式动词”其主要功用有下列五种:
⑴当主语,如:
● When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
● Where to live is a problem.
● How to cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussion topic.
⑵当宾语,如:
● We must know what to say at a meeting.
● He could not tell whom to trust.
● Do you know how to play bridge?
⑶当补足语,如:
● The problem is where to find the financial aid.
● The question is who to elect.
⑷当名词同位语,如:
● Tom had no idea which book to read first.
● Do you have a rough impression how to do it?
⑸当宾语补足语,如:
● Jim is not sure whose to choose.
● Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not.
适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括:“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder, understand”等。
所以正确的是: How to do it? 这个句子里面添加了it作为do的宾语.
这个句子的意思是:怎样做?
What to do? 意思是做什么?同样,为什么这个句子后面的do不用加宾语呢?
其实宾语就是提前了,what就是do的宾语.
二:how to do it 强调做的方式,方法,如:i don't know how to do it
我不知道该如何做(这件事)。
三:what to do 强调做的事情,如:i don't know what to do.
我不知道该做什么
2015-10-30