英语倒装句的归纳总结
一、完全倒装
(一)在here, there, now, then, away, down, in, up, off, out等副词开头的句子中(主语一般为名词，谓语动词为be, come, go, run等)，常使用完全倒装。
【考例】 Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away _____.
A. fleeing the thief
B. was fleeing the thief
C. the thief was fleeing
D. fled the thief
解析：D。副词away位于句头，使用完全倒装。
(二) 地点状语位于句首时，主语为名词且谓语动词为不及物动词(如lie, stand, sit等)，常使用完全倒装句式。
【考例】 At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _____, one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing
B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing
D. does Chongqing lie
解析：A。句意： 这里是将地点状语提前且主语为名词，故用完全倒装形式。
二、部分倒装
(一) 否定词语位于句首时引起的部分倒装(倒装否定词语所在的句子)。常见的否定副词或短语有： never / seldom / not / little / nowhere / hardly / in no case / in no sense / by no means / at no time等。
【考例】 At no time _____ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.
A. they actually broke
B. do they actually break
C. did they actually break
D. they had actually broken
解析：C。at no time为否定词语，因此主句用部分倒装结构。
(二)“only+状语”位于句首…
【考例】 Only after talking to two students ____ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
A. I did discover
B. did I discover
C. I discovered
D. discovered I
解析：B。“only+状语(从句)”置于句首，后面的主句需部分倒装。
(三) 在so…that句型中，如果so引导的部分位于句首，则主句要使用部分倒装。
【考例】 So sudden _____ that the enemy had no time to escape.
A. did the attack
B. the attack did
C. was the attack
D. the attack was
解析：C。sudden是形容词，在句中作表语，故动词应用was。
(四) as或though引导让步状语从句置于句首时引起的部分倒装(although不能引导倒装)。
【考例】 Hot _____ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
A. although
B. as
C. while
D. however
解析：B。Hot as the night air was尽管夜晚的空气很热。
(五) so / neither / nor位于句首表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物，使用部分倒装。 其句型是： so / neither / nor＋助动词 / 系动词 / 情态动词＋主语。
【考例】 Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _____.
A. I was neither
B. neither was I
C. I was either
D. either was I
解析：B。该句前半句否定的内容也适用于后者，所以用neither构成倒装。
(六) hardly…when / no sooner…than / not until等连接复合句时，如果hardly, no sooner, not until放于句首，主句使用部分倒装，从句不倒装； not only…but also连接并列分句时，如果not only放于句首, 前一个分句使用部分倒装，后一个分句不倒装。
【考例1】Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _____ having a holiday abroad.
A. he had considered
B. had he considered
C. he considered
D. did he consider
解析：D。Not until位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。根据句意可知，主句应用一般过去时。
【考例2】 The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _____, but students became more interested in the lessons.
A. saved was teachers’ energy
B. was teachers’ energy saved
C. teachers’ energy was saved
D. was saved teachers’ energy
解析：B。 not only…but also…连接并列分句，not only后面的分句使用部分倒装。
补充：在””there be”句型中，须使用倒装结构，除there be外还有there “live”/stand/lie/exist等“结构”。
