新概念英语第二册：第49课课文详解及语法解析
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1.Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. 德黑兰的一个年轻人由于对睡地板感到厌倦，于是积蓄多年买了一张真正的床。
(1)tired引导的分词短语省略了开头的being，其作用相当于原因状语从句：As he was tired of…。sleeping为动名词，作介词of的宾语。
(2)save up为固定短语，表示“储蓄”、“攒钱”：
I want to get married in one or two years, so I'm trying to save(some money)up.
我想一两年之间内结婚，所以我在设法攒钱。
(3)to在这里用于表示目的，相当于in order to：
I got up early to have a swim.
为了游泳我起了个大早。
2.…he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.……他便把床搬到了他的屋顶上。
介词onto可拼写成一个词，也可拼写成两个词(on to)。它用于表示动作方向而不用于表示静态的位置(与into相似)：
I put the pen onto/ on the table.
我把笔放到桌子上。
The pen is on the table.
笔在桌子上。(不可用onto/ on to)onto/ on to有时可用on代替，但表示位置的on不可用onto代替：
Mr. Thompson jumped onto the stage.
汤普森先生跳上了台上。
Mr. Thompson jumped on the stage.
汤普森先生在台上跳了跳。
3.A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof…一阵大风把床从屋顶上刮了下来……
gust表示“一阵强风”、“一阵狂风”，既可以单独使用，也可以用a gust of wind形式：
A gust(of wind) blew my hat off.
一阵大风吹掉了我的帽子。
She set off even though the wind was blowing in gusts.
虽然当时阵阵狂风吹着，她还是出发了。
4.The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.那年轻人直到床撞到地上才醒了过来。
not…until表示“直到……才”。until后面与表示某一点的时间状语连用。它前面没有not时，与表示一段时间的“持续动词”连用;有not时，常用表示某一时间点的动词(或叫瞬间动词)连用：
I'll stay here until Monday.
我要在这儿呆到星期一。
I won't leave until Monday.
我要到星期一才离开。
5.to pieces, 粉碎地，成碎片地。
The cup was broken to pieces.
杯子摔成了碎片。
6.Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man…
年轻人看了一眼周围的碎木片和碎金属片……
(1)glancing为现在分词，它引导的短语相当于一个时间状语从句：After he glanced at…
(2)动词glance的主要含义为“看一眼”、“扫视”：
Ian glanced at his watch and left the room.
伊恩看了一眼手表，然后离开了房间。
Joe glanced through the newspaper while talking to me.
乔一边和我聊天，一边浏览报纸。
(3)that引导的关系从句修饰the bits of wood and metal, that在从句中作主语。
语法 Grammar in use
复合句的语序 (Word order in complex statements)
复合句的构成方法可以是把简单句连接在一起。但与并列句不同，它的各个组成部分并非同等重要，其中总有一个独立分句(或称“主句”)和一个或一个以上 从属分句(或称“从句”)，主句往往可以独立存在。复合句可用两种方法构成。一是用连词把从句与主句连接起来;二是用分词结构或不定式，它们构成复合句的 一部分，因为它们可以用从句的形式表现出来。
(1)用连词连接的复合句
A 在复合句中，从句可以是名词从句(即起名词的作用)。在句子中，它可以作主语、宾语或be等系动词的表语，一般由that引导，有时也用what(疑问词引导的除外)：
I know(that)the meeting will be put off.
我知道会议将要推迟。(宾语)
That the meeting will be put off is now certain.
会议将被推迟现已确定无疑。(主语，that不可省略)
B 也可以是关系(或形容词)从句，关系代词通常有who, whom, that, which和whose。(cf.第28课语法)
C 也可以是状语(或副词)从句。时间状语从句一般回答When?形式的问题，并可以用下列从属连词来引导：when, after, before, as soon as, until, while, as, since等：
He has been ill since he came back from his holidays.
他自从休假回来就一直病着。
地点状语从句回答Where?形式的问题，可以由where, everywhere, anywhere等连词来引导：
With a special train ticket, you can travel anywhere/ everywhere you like in Europe for just over ￡ 100.
你如持有专票，仅花一百多一点英镑，就可以到欧洲各地旅行。
方式状语从句回答How?形式的问题，可以由连词as或短语in the way(that)等引导。方式状语从句一般置于主句之后：
Type this again as/in the way(that) I showed you just now.
按我刚才告诉你的那样把这再打一遍。
方式状语从句在动词be, feel, seem, appear等后面也可以由连词as if和as though来引导：
It feels as if/ though it's going to rain.
这天气给人的感觉好像是就要下雨了。
原因状语从句一般回答Why?形式的问题，可以由because, as 等引导：
He went to bed earlier than usual because he was tired.
他因为累了，所以睡觉比平时早。
As you can't go yourself, you'll have to ask Susan go to for you.
既然你自己不能去，那你就请苏珊替你去吧。
条件状语从句可由if及其他连词引导。(cf.第16课与第40课语法)让步状语从句使句子具有对比的因素，它们一般由连词although, though, even though, even if等引导：
He failed the exam, even though he studied hard.
虽然他学习很努力，他考试还是没及格。
Although he studied hard, he failed the exam.
(译文同上)
目的状语从句可由so that, in order that等连词引导：
I arrived early so that/ in order that I could get the tickets.
我到得很早，以便能买到票。
结果状语从句描述结果，可由so+形容词+that引导，也可由such(a)+(形容词)+名词+that来引导：
She was so angry that she left immediately.
她非常生气，立刻就走了。
There was such a lot of rain that we couldn't go out.
下这么大的雨，我们都出不了门了。
比较状语从句结构包括as+形容词/副词+as, not so/as…as，形容词/副词的比较级+than, more…than, less…than 等：
He is as quick in answering as his sister(is).
他回答得和他妹妹/姐姐一样快。
He is not so/ as quick in answering as his sister(is).
他回答得不如他妹妹/姐姐那样快。
He moves more slowly than his sister(does).
他行动起来比他妹妹/姐姐慢。
(2)分词结构的复合句
A 用现在分词结构可以代替时间从句、原因从句、关系从句等：
I got very angry speaking to them.
和他们谈话时我变得非常生气。(时间)
Feeling tired, I went to bed earlier than usual.
我觉得很累，所以睡得比平时早。(原因)
The train arriving at 8 o'clock is from London.
8点钟到的这趟列车是从伦敦来的。(代替关系从句)
现在分词结构的这种用法仅限于两个动作的主语一致的时候。用它代替时间从句时，分词结构表示的动作如果发生在前，则分词结构要位于主语前;如果两个动作同时发生，那么分词结构既可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后：
Finding the door unlocked, he went into the room.
他发现门没上锁，就走进房间。(有前后)
Working with them, I got very angry.
同他们一起工作时我很生气。(同时)
分词结构位于主句前面时，要用逗号隔开。
B 过去分词结构常用于比较正式的文体，往往代替被动语态：
Damaged in an accident, the car has now been repaired.
在一次事故中被撞坏后，那辆车现已修好。
(3)不定式结构的复合句
这种结构通常可以代替表示目的或表示条件的状语从句：
To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations.
要进入大学你必须通过一系列考试。
I borrowed some money to get a new car.
为了买辆新车，我借了些钱。
