[虚拟语气] 英语语法
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【摘 要】虚拟语气是英语语法中的重点和难点，从用法上来看，主要分为两大类：（1）在条件状语从句中的应用；（2）在某些特殊句型中的应用。 【关键词】虚拟语气 条件状语从句 含蓄条件句 wish as if suggest if only
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。首先，我们应熟悉它在三种时态里的使用情况，这是正确使用虚拟语气的基础。这三种时态是：现在；过去；将来。
(在从句中，可以省略if，而把were ,had, should提到句首。)
二、错综时间的虚拟句
通常情况下，在非真实条件句中，主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。
If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在，主句指过去)。
三、含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中，通过某些词或短语来表示。常用的有：but for（if it were not for/if it had not been for）, without, otherwise，or，suppose, supposing等。如But for your advice，I could not have done it so successfully.
四、虚拟语气在某些句式中的应用
1.wish后的宾语从句用法
与现在情况相反：did；与过去情况相反：had done；与将来情况相反:would/could/might do.
e.g. I wish they would come tomorrow.我希望他们明天来。How I wish it weren"t raining now.如果现在不下雨该多好呀！I wish I had not been to yesterday"s party.我要不去参加昨天的宴会就好了！
2.Had hoped，（expected，thought，intended meant）后面的从句中，谓语动词的形式用 would do.3.as if, as though的意思是“好像”，从用法上有两种，一种是不知道事实的真相，只是叙述一种情况；另一种是明知道事实的真相，却说与事实不同的情况。在后一种情况下，句子应该使用虚拟语气，谓语动词的形式同 wish的宾语从句一样。
4.在 if only引出的感叹句中用法同 wish.
5.would (had) rather that从句中，与现在或将来相反用did，与过去相反用had done.
Would rather have done；宁愿做……（实际上没有）。
6.在Suggest，advise，propose，recommend (建议)，order, command demand，request，require，desire，ask(要求，命令)，insist（坚持做某事），prefer等动词后的宾语从句中用 (should) do.
e.g. We strongly suggested that the meeting be put off till the next day(建议)。
7.在it is desired that, it is suggested that, it is requested that, it was ordered that, it was proposed that, it is necessary that, it is important that,用（should）do.
8.在suggestion, proposal, order等后面引出的表语从句和同位语从句中，用 (should) do.
9.在 it is high time that之后的定语从句中，谓语动词常用did或should do的形式。
It is time that we went (should go) to bed.
10.Would you mind if从句中，用did. Would you mind if I opened the window?
11.情态动词的虚拟语气：
Should（ought to）have done；shouldn"t(oughtn"t to) have done；could have done； needn"t have done；would like (not)to have done Might have done(本来可以做)。
e.g.（1) I didn"t take notes at yesterday"s meeting because I had left my pen at home.
（2）You could have borrowed mine, I wasn"t using it.
12.在表示祝愿的句子中，动词用原形。
e.g. May you be happy!
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。首先，我们应熟悉它在三种时态里的使用情况，这是正确使用虚拟语气的基础。这三种时态是：现在；过去；将来。
(在从句中，可以省略if，而把were ,had, should提到句首。)
二、错综时间的虚拟句
通常情况下，在非真实条件句中，主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。
If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在，主句指过去)。
三、含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中，通过某些词或短语来表示。常用的有：but for（if it were not for/if it had not been for）, without, otherwise，or，suppose, supposing等。如But for your advice，I could not have done it so successfully.
四、虚拟语气在某些句式中的应用
1.wish后的宾语从句用法
与现在情况相反：did；与过去情况相反：had done；与将来情况相反:would/could/might do.
e.g. I wish they would come tomorrow.我希望他们明天来。How I wish it weren"t raining now.如果现在不下雨该多好呀！I wish I had not been to yesterday"s party.我要不去参加昨天的宴会就好了！
2.Had hoped，（expected，thought，intended meant）后面的从句中，谓语动词的形式用 would do.3.as if, as though的意思是“好像”，从用法上有两种，一种是不知道事实的真相，只是叙述一种情况；另一种是明知道事实的真相，却说与事实不同的情况。在后一种情况下，句子应该使用虚拟语气，谓语动词的形式同 wish的宾语从句一样。
4.在 if only引出的感叹句中用法同 wish.
5.would (had) rather that从句中，与现在或将来相反用did，与过去相反用had done.
Would rather have done；宁愿做……（实际上没有）。
6.在Suggest，advise，propose，recommend (建议)，order, command demand，request，require，desire，ask(要求，命令)，insist（坚持做某事），prefer等动词后的宾语从句中用 (should) do.
e.g. We strongly suggested that the meeting be put off till the next day(建议)。
7.在it is desired that, it is suggested that, it is requested that, it was ordered that, it was proposed that, it is necessary that, it is important that,用（should）do.
8.在suggestion, proposal, order等后面引出的表语从句和同位语从句中，用 (should) do.
9.在 it is high time that之后的定语从句中，谓语动词常用did或should do的形式。
It is time that we went (should go) to bed.
10.Would you mind if从句中，用did. Would you mind if I opened the window?
11.情态动词的虚拟语气：
Should（ought to）have done；shouldn"t(oughtn"t to) have done；could have done； needn"t have done；would like (not)to have done Might have done(本来可以做)。
e.g.（1) I didn"t take notes at yesterday"s meeting because I had left my pen at home.
（2）You could have borrowed mine, I wasn"t using it.
12.在表示祝愿的句子中，动词用原形。
e.g. May you be happy!
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