帮忙翻译下这段文章~谢谢~ 急~ 150
中→英根据《教育部关于启动高等学校教学质量与教学改革工程精品课程建设工作的通知》（教高[2003]1号）和《国家精品课程建设工作实施办法》（教高[2003]3号）文件精神...
中→英
根据《教育部关于启动高等学校教学质量与教学改革工程精品课程建设工作的通知》（教高[2003]1号）和《国家精品课程建设工作实施办法》（教高[2003]3号）文件精神，全国各高校掀起了开展精品课程建设，全面提高人才培养质量工作的新高潮。精品课程建设是高等学校教学质量与教学改革工程的重要组成部分，是一项系统工程，是专业建设、学科建设的基础。在人才培养过程中，课程是学生知识、能力、素质培养的重要载体，对实现人才培养目标具有举足轻重的作用。
本文结合我院的教学特色，详细分析设计了《计算机技术基础VF》精品课程网站。该网站基于静态网页和动态网页，采用Dreamweaver、Flash、Photoshop、Xml、Css、ASP.NET程序设计语言及SQL SERVER数据库等进行开发 论文首先对精品课程网站做了详细的需求分析；然后给出了精品课程网站所需的功能,重点探讨了精品课程网站的设计法案;最后对精品课程网站进行了较详细的设计，并给出了具体实现步骤;通过测试分析，该网站的运行稳定 可靠，具有一定的实用价值
包括下面的一段英文也要翻译~
可追加！！！ 展开
根据《教育部关于启动高等学校教学质量与教学改革工程精品课程建设工作的通知》（教高[2003]1号）和《国家精品课程建设工作实施办法》（教高[2003]3号）文件精神，全国各高校掀起了开展精品课程建设，全面提高人才培养质量工作的新高潮。精品课程建设是高等学校教学质量与教学改革工程的重要组成部分，是一项系统工程，是专业建设、学科建设的基础。在人才培养过程中，课程是学生知识、能力、素质培养的重要载体，对实现人才培养目标具有举足轻重的作用。
本文结合我院的教学特色，详细分析设计了《计算机技术基础VF》精品课程网站。该网站基于静态网页和动态网页，采用Dreamweaver、Flash、Photoshop、Xml、Css、ASP.NET程序设计语言及SQL SERVER数据库等进行开发 论文首先对精品课程网站做了详细的需求分析；然后给出了精品课程网站所需的功能,重点探讨了精品课程网站的设计法案;最后对精品课程网站进行了较详细的设计，并给出了具体实现步骤;通过测试分析，该网站的运行稳定 可靠，具有一定的实用价值
包括下面的一段英文也要翻译~
可追加！！！ 展开
3个回答
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英→中
Determinants of Malaysian adult learners’ distance learning
Erlane K Ghani, Jamaliah Said,Noraini Mohd Nasir
(Faculty of Accountancy, University Technology Mara Shah Alam 49459 Malaysia)
Abstract：This study attempts to identify the factors perceived to be important in choosing an Institution of
Higher Learning(IHL) for distance learning．One thousand five hundred questionnaires were distributed to the
first year students in the social sciences distance learning programs and 980 valid responses were received of Malaysian public university．The results show that the top three factors influencing their preferred institution are qualification recognition IHL．future career advancement，and personal satisfaction．The results of this study provide insights to the IHL．Employers and academics on the nature and relative importance of the factors perceived important for adult learners in the selection of their preferred IHL .
Key words：distance learning；preference；adult learners；institution of higher learning；IHL
1．Introduction
Distance learning is the conduct of learning and teaching programs across both space and time by print or electronic media(Moore M．，1986)．Distance learning is normally a highly individual activity that a student undertakes at home on his own at his spare time(Holmberg B．，1986)．The mode of delivery of the learning and teaching materials is through communication media such as faxes telephones and the internet．What may be apparent from the above description of distance learning is that the distance learners are mainly independent as the studying or learning is done at his own time and place independent of the teachers most of the time．Many researches on distance learning have shown that the learners are mainly adult(Moore M．，1 986；Holmberg B．，1986；MacBrayne P，1995；Wallace L．，1996；Qureshi E．&Morton L．L．，2002)．
In Malaysia，the distance learning programs have started since 1 97 1 when University Sains Malaysia offered its degree in humanities and social sciences through distance learning．University Technology Mara，previously known as Institute Technology Mara followed soon after by ofering its diploma programs in banking，business studies and public administration．In 1 995，the government directed all the public universities to ofer distance learning programs with the objective of increasing the much needed manpower to propel it towards achieving fully developed nation status by the year 2020(Ali A．，1997)．
A body of literature has examined the factors perceived to be important for students in choosing their preferred IHL．Similarly, the education literature has focused on researching distance learning perspective．However，there is alimited literature on the linkages of adult learners of distance learning and the factors perceived to be important in choosing their prefered IHL．This gap motivates this study to examine this issue．
The remainder of this paper is structured as follows．The next section provides a brief literature review of distance learning and its linkages to preference of IHL．The third section outlines the research method．Section four presents the results of this study．The last section concludes this study
2．Literature review
The studies on students’preferred IHL contribute part of the extensive body of the accounting learning
literature．Such attention to studying this issue was given by IHLs and academics in attempt to obtain further insights and understanding on ways to attract more students to enrol in their respective IHL．Within this literature，a number of studies have examined related issues such as the sources that the students relied on in making their decision of their prefered IHL，the factors that influenced the students to choose their prefered IHL and their preferred IHL after their enrolment．The studies examining these issues have often been conducted in a macro perspective such as internalisation in terms of bringing international students to their respective countries．Further, these studies were mainly conducted i11 developed countries context such as New Zealand(Joseph M ．& Joseph B．，2000)and Australia(Illing D．，1 998)．Similar studies conducted in a developing country such as Malaysia is however,sparse．
A body of literature has identified the factors that influence students’selection of prefered IHL．These
studies examined this issue using a wide range of variables，and suggested that good faculty(Baird L．，1 967；Chapman D．，1981)，high academic standards(Baird L．，1967；Discenza R．，Ferguson J．& Wisner R．，1981)．special programs that students are after(Baird L．，1967；Maguire J．&Lay R．，1981)and cost of study(Chapman D，1 98 I)are among the factors influencing students’prefered IHL．Other studies found financial aid，peer influence，size of the IHL，location，athletes’facilities and social activities to be influencing students’preferred IHL(Maguire J．& Lay R．，1981)．Academic and program issues，cost of learning，location，recreation facilities and peer and families determine students’preferred IHL are also found to influence students’prefered IHL (Joseph M．&Joseph B．，2oo0)．Another study found peer influence，financial assistance and location as the most important factors influencing students’selection of preferred IHL(Hossler D．，1 985)．
Lawley and Blight(1997)developed a model to examine the factors influencing students’preferred IHL．They suggested that the factors examined by previous studies influencing students to their prefered IHL examined could be categorised into four categories，namely course characteristics，country characteristics，administrative characteristics and cost characteristics．Course characteristics refer to the quality of the course，recognition of qualifications and time taken to complete a course．Country characteristics refer to the choice of location which includes the level of personal safety,lifestyle，the potential to emigrate，the opinions of family, friends and the presence of family and friends in a destination country (Hill C．，Romm T．& Patterson E，1992；Smart D．＆ Ang．G，1992；Harris D．R．＆ Rhall T．M ．，1997；Chandler A．，1989)．Administration characteristics refer to the ease of gaining entry to IHL，information availability and ease of gaining exemptions(Hill C．，RommT．& Patterson R，1992)．The last characteristic is the cost characteristics which refer to the financial cost．availability of scholarship，distance from home and psychological cost(Hill C．，Romm T．& Patterson R，1 992；
Chandler A．，1989；Purdy K．，1992)．A number of studies have adopted Lawley and Blight’s model to examine the
factors influencing students’selection of preferred IHL(Austin M．，1988；W U W．C．，1989；Steadmena G T．＆
Dagwell R．H．，1 990；Ghani E．K．，Said J．，Mohd Nasir N．& Hashim A，2005)．
The wide variety of variables examined in the studies above could be attributed to the research area focus.Some studies were conducted at the international level fBurns J．O．，l979；Mintz S．M．，l980)．Others studies focused on a specific country such as the US(Terpestra V．，1969)and Japan(Cummings W．K．&Kobayashi V．N．，l985)．Few studies focused at difierent degree 1evels，such as Master’s level(Nehrt L．C．，l 987)and Doctorate’s level(Kuhne R．，1990)．Joseph M．and Joseph B．(2000)examined the factors influencing Indonesian students’preferred IHL in New Zealand context．However ,there is an under-research of these vairables in the context of distance learning students on their perceived importance of the factors in choosing their preferred IHL．
An alternative body of the accounting 1iterature have research on the main sources of information that influence students’prefered I}{L have been examined(Joseph M．& Joseph B．，2000；Murphy E，1981；Hossler D．，1985；Ghani E．K．，Said J．，Mohd Nasir N．& Hashim A．，2005；Bowers T．& Pugh R．，1972；Krone F，Gilly M—Zejthaml V．& Lamb C．．1 983)．The results of these studies show that students’selection of preferred IML comes mainly from the influence of significant persons such as family and friends．the characteristics of IHL such as the location and program availability(Joseph M．& Joseph B．，2000；Chin L．H．，2000；Garland M．R．，1994)and from the effort of IHL to communicate with the students (Chapman D．，l981)．It would be interesting to research on whether similar results would appear with the adult learners．
The link between adult learners and the factors that influence their prefered has been examined (Ghani E．K．、Said J．，Mohd Nasir N．&Hashim A．，2005：Chin，L．H．，2000；Garland M．R．，l 994)．This small group of studies has examined the factors influencing adults’learners to do distance education．These studies provide few variables for the respondents to identify whether the variables are deemed to be important for their selection of IHL．The results of these studies show that the course is quick to complete．cost per subject is reasonable and the institution is a reasonable distance from home，which are the typical reasons given by many respondents in distance learning literature (Chin L．H．．2000；Garland M．R．．1 994)．
Following Lawley and Blight’s(1997)，this study attempts to re—examine this issue by identifying the factors perceived to be important by the adult learners’for the selection of IML for distance learning．This issue is examined by using the Malaysian university public social sciences students who enrolled in the distance learning programs．This study also examines the perception of the adult learners on the IHL after their enrolment．
3．Methods
This study focuses on adult learners’prefered Institution of Higher Learning．Specifically, this study seeks to identify the factors influencing the adult learners to pursue their study through distance learning， the main sources of information in the selection of their prefered IHL．the factors that influence adult learners’prefered IHL and their perception on their prefered IHL after enrolment．This study examines these issues by the way of a questionnaire survey．
Determinants of Malaysian adult learners’ distance learning
Erlane K Ghani, Jamaliah Said,Noraini Mohd Nasir
(Faculty of Accountancy, University Technology Mara Shah Alam 49459 Malaysia)
Abstract：This study attempts to identify the factors perceived to be important in choosing an Institution of
Higher Learning(IHL) for distance learning．One thousand five hundred questionnaires were distributed to the
first year students in the social sciences distance learning programs and 980 valid responses were received of Malaysian public university．The results show that the top three factors influencing their preferred institution are qualification recognition IHL．future career advancement，and personal satisfaction．The results of this study provide insights to the IHL．Employers and academics on the nature and relative importance of the factors perceived important for adult learners in the selection of their preferred IHL .
Key words：distance learning；preference；adult learners；institution of higher learning；IHL
1．Introduction
Distance learning is the conduct of learning and teaching programs across both space and time by print or electronic media(Moore M．，1986)．Distance learning is normally a highly individual activity that a student undertakes at home on his own at his spare time(Holmberg B．，1986)．The mode of delivery of the learning and teaching materials is through communication media such as faxes telephones and the internet．What may be apparent from the above description of distance learning is that the distance learners are mainly independent as the studying or learning is done at his own time and place independent of the teachers most of the time．Many researches on distance learning have shown that the learners are mainly adult(Moore M．，1 986；Holmberg B．，1986；MacBrayne P，1995；Wallace L．，1996；Qureshi E．&Morton L．L．，2002)．
In Malaysia，the distance learning programs have started since 1 97 1 when University Sains Malaysia offered its degree in humanities and social sciences through distance learning．University Technology Mara，previously known as Institute Technology Mara followed soon after by ofering its diploma programs in banking，business studies and public administration．In 1 995，the government directed all the public universities to ofer distance learning programs with the objective of increasing the much needed manpower to propel it towards achieving fully developed nation status by the year 2020(Ali A．，1997)．
A body of literature has examined the factors perceived to be important for students in choosing their preferred IHL．Similarly, the education literature has focused on researching distance learning perspective．However，there is alimited literature on the linkages of adult learners of distance learning and the factors perceived to be important in choosing their prefered IHL．This gap motivates this study to examine this issue．
The remainder of this paper is structured as follows．The next section provides a brief literature review of distance learning and its linkages to preference of IHL．The third section outlines the research method．Section four presents the results of this study．The last section concludes this study
2．Literature review
The studies on students’preferred IHL contribute part of the extensive body of the accounting learning
literature．Such attention to studying this issue was given by IHLs and academics in attempt to obtain further insights and understanding on ways to attract more students to enrol in their respective IHL．Within this literature，a number of studies have examined related issues such as the sources that the students relied on in making their decision of their prefered IHL，the factors that influenced the students to choose their prefered IHL and their preferred IHL after their enrolment．The studies examining these issues have often been conducted in a macro perspective such as internalisation in terms of bringing international students to their respective countries．Further, these studies were mainly conducted i11 developed countries context such as New Zealand(Joseph M ．& Joseph B．，2000)and Australia(Illing D．，1 998)．Similar studies conducted in a developing country such as Malaysia is however,sparse．
A body of literature has identified the factors that influence students’selection of prefered IHL．These
studies examined this issue using a wide range of variables，and suggested that good faculty(Baird L．，1 967；Chapman D．，1981)，high academic standards(Baird L．，1967；Discenza R．，Ferguson J．& Wisner R．，1981)．special programs that students are after(Baird L．，1967；Maguire J．&Lay R．，1981)and cost of study(Chapman D，1 98 I)are among the factors influencing students’prefered IHL．Other studies found financial aid，peer influence，size of the IHL，location，athletes’facilities and social activities to be influencing students’preferred IHL(Maguire J．& Lay R．，1981)．Academic and program issues，cost of learning，location，recreation facilities and peer and families determine students’preferred IHL are also found to influence students’prefered IHL (Joseph M．&Joseph B．，2oo0)．Another study found peer influence，financial assistance and location as the most important factors influencing students’selection of preferred IHL(Hossler D．，1 985)．
Lawley and Blight(1997)developed a model to examine the factors influencing students’preferred IHL．They suggested that the factors examined by previous studies influencing students to their prefered IHL examined could be categorised into four categories，namely course characteristics，country characteristics，administrative characteristics and cost characteristics．Course characteristics refer to the quality of the course，recognition of qualifications and time taken to complete a course．Country characteristics refer to the choice of location which includes the level of personal safety,lifestyle，the potential to emigrate，the opinions of family, friends and the presence of family and friends in a destination country (Hill C．，Romm T．& Patterson E，1992；Smart D．＆ Ang．G，1992；Harris D．R．＆ Rhall T．M ．，1997；Chandler A．，1989)．Administration characteristics refer to the ease of gaining entry to IHL，information availability and ease of gaining exemptions(Hill C．，RommT．& Patterson R，1992)．The last characteristic is the cost characteristics which refer to the financial cost．availability of scholarship，distance from home and psychological cost(Hill C．，Romm T．& Patterson R，1 992；
Chandler A．，1989；Purdy K．，1992)．A number of studies have adopted Lawley and Blight’s model to examine the
factors influencing students’selection of preferred IHL(Austin M．，1988；W U W．C．，1989；Steadmena G T．＆
Dagwell R．H．，1 990；Ghani E．K．，Said J．，Mohd Nasir N．& Hashim A，2005)．
The wide variety of variables examined in the studies above could be attributed to the research area focus.Some studies were conducted at the international level fBurns J．O．，l979；Mintz S．M．，l980)．Others studies focused on a specific country such as the US(Terpestra V．，1969)and Japan(Cummings W．K．&Kobayashi V．N．，l985)．Few studies focused at difierent degree 1evels，such as Master’s level(Nehrt L．C．，l 987)and Doctorate’s level(Kuhne R．，1990)．Joseph M．and Joseph B．(2000)examined the factors influencing Indonesian students’preferred IHL in New Zealand context．However ,there is an under-research of these vairables in the context of distance learning students on their perceived importance of the factors in choosing their preferred IHL．
An alternative body of the accounting 1iterature have research on the main sources of information that influence students’prefered I}{L have been examined(Joseph M．& Joseph B．，2000；Murphy E，1981；Hossler D．，1985；Ghani E．K．，Said J．，Mohd Nasir N．& Hashim A．，2005；Bowers T．& Pugh R．，1972；Krone F，Gilly M—Zejthaml V．& Lamb C．．1 983)．The results of these studies show that students’selection of preferred IML comes mainly from the influence of significant persons such as family and friends．the characteristics of IHL such as the location and program availability(Joseph M．& Joseph B．，2000；Chin L．H．，2000；Garland M．R．，1994)and from the effort of IHL to communicate with the students (Chapman D．，l981)．It would be interesting to research on whether similar results would appear with the adult learners．
The link between adult learners and the factors that influence their prefered has been examined (Ghani E．K．、Said J．，Mohd Nasir N．&Hashim A．，2005：Chin，L．H．，2000；Garland M．R．，l 994)．This small group of studies has examined the factors influencing adults’learners to do distance education．These studies provide few variables for the respondents to identify whether the variables are deemed to be important for their selection of IHL．The results of these studies show that the course is quick to complete．cost per subject is reasonable and the institution is a reasonable distance from home，which are the typical reasons given by many respondents in distance learning literature (Chin L．H．．2000；Garland M．R．．1 994)．
Following Lawley and Blight’s(1997)，this study attempts to re—examine this issue by identifying the factors perceived to be important by the adult learners’for the selection of IML for distance learning．This issue is examined by using the Malaysian university public social sciences students who enrolled in the distance learning programs．This study also examines the perception of the adult learners on the IHL after their enrolment．
3．Methods
This study focuses on adult learners’prefered Institution of Higher Learning．Specifically, this study seeks to identify the factors influencing the adult learners to pursue their study through distance learning， the main sources of information in the selection of their prefered IHL．the factors that influence adult learners’prefered IHL and their perception on their prefered IHL after enrolment．This study examines these issues by the way of a questionnaire survey．
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翻译：
According to "The Ministry of Education to start teaching on the teaching quality and curriculum reform of building products to inform the work of" (taught high [2003] 1) and "the implementation of quality curriculum-building measures" (teaching high [2003] 3) file the spirit of colleges and universities across the country launched a program to carry out the construction of quality, comprehensive training to improve the quality of the work of a new upsurge. Courses building is the quality of teaching and teaching reform, an important component of the project is a systematic project, which is a professional building, the subject building. In the process of personnel training, curriculum is a student of knowledge, ability, the quality of an important carrier of culture, personnel training to the achievement of the objectives is vitally important.
In this paper, the teaching hospital characteristics, a detailed analysis of the design of the "computer technology based on VF" Courses Web site. The website is based on the static pages and dynamic web page using Dreamweaver, Flash, Photoshop, Xml, Css, ASP.NET programming language and SQL SERVER database development course paper products first site to do a detailed needs analysis; then given Courses required for the function of site, focuses on website design Courses Act; the final site of the fine courses in detail the design and implementation steps are given in detail; pass the test analysis, the operation of the site is stable and reliable, with a certain degree of practical value
According to "The Ministry of Education to start teaching on the teaching quality and curriculum reform of building products to inform the work of" (taught high [2003] 1) and "the implementation of quality curriculum-building measures" (teaching high [2003] 3) file the spirit of colleges and universities across the country launched a program to carry out the construction of quality, comprehensive training to improve the quality of the work of a new upsurge. Courses building is the quality of teaching and teaching reform, an important component of the project is a systematic project, which is a professional building, the subject building. In the process of personnel training, curriculum is a student of knowledge, ability, the quality of an important carrier of culture, personnel training to the achievement of the objectives is vitally important.
In this paper, the teaching hospital characteristics, a detailed analysis of the design of the "computer technology based on VF" Courses Web site. The website is based on the static pages and dynamic web page using Dreamweaver, Flash, Photoshop, Xml, Css, ASP.NET programming language and SQL SERVER database development course paper products first site to do a detailed needs analysis; then given Courses required for the function of site, focuses on website design Courses Act; the final site of the fine courses in detail the design and implementation steps are given in detail; pass the test analysis, the operation of the site is stable and reliable, with a certain degree of practical value
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According to "The Ministry of Education to start teaching on the teaching quality and curriculum reform of building products to inform the work of" (taught high [2003] 1) and "the implementation of quality curriculum-building measures" (teaching high [2003] 3) file the spirit of colleges and universities across the country launched a program to carry out the construction of quality, comprehensive training to improve the quality of the work of a new upsurge. Courses building is the quality of teaching and teaching reform, an important component of the project is a systematic project, which is a professional building, the subject building. In the process of personnel training, curriculum is a student of knowledge, ability, the quality of an important carrier of culture, personnel training to the achievement of the objectives is vitally important.
In this paper, the teaching hospital characteristics, a detailed analysis of the design of the "computer technology based on VF" Courses Web site. The website is based on the static pages and dynamic web page using Dreamweaver, Flash, Photoshop, Xml, Css, ASP.NET programming language and SQL SERVER database development course paper products first site to do a detailed needs analysis; then given Courses required for the function of site, focuses on website design Courses Act; the final site of the fine courses in detail the design and implementation steps are given in detail; pass the test analysis, the operation of the site is stable and reliable, with a certain degree of practical value
In this paper, the teaching hospital characteristics, a detailed analysis of the design of the "computer technology based on VF" Courses Web site. The website is based on the static pages and dynamic web page using Dreamweaver, Flash, Photoshop, Xml, Css, ASP.NET programming language and SQL SERVER database development course paper products first site to do a detailed needs analysis; then given Courses required for the function of site, focuses on website design Courses Act; the final site of the fine courses in detail the design and implementation steps are given in detail; pass the test analysis, the operation of the site is stable and reliable, with a certain degree of practical value
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