英语翻译中的长难句结构分析(2)
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41. The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately,a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
[参考译文]
很不幸，这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。一些经济学家认为世界经济结构的强有力的变化已经结束了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联 为基础的旧的经济模式。
42. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived
Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
[参考译文]
例如，阿斯旺大坝使得尼罗河不再洪水泛滥，但是它也夺去了埃及以前所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥--这些换宋的就是这么个疾病滋生的水 库，现在这个水库积满了淤泥，几乎不能发电了。
43. New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering and
downsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training,
[参考译文]
企业重组的新方法--所有那些重新设计、缩小规模的做法--只是对一个经济的整体生产力做出了一方面的贡献。这种经济还受许多其他因 素的驱动，比如结合设备和机械上的投资、新技术，以及在教育和培训 上的投资。
44. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have
applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.
[参考译文]
他的同事迈克尔·比尔说，有太多的公司已经用一种机械的方式实行公司内部的重新设计，在没有充分考虑长期赢利的能力下削减了成本。
45. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings
such as "The Flight from S.cience and Reason" , held in New York City in 1995, and "Science in the Age of (Mis) information, which assembled last June near Buffalo.
[参考译文]
科学卫士们在会议上也表述了他们的关注，比如1995年在纽约市举行的 "逃离科学与理性"会议，以及去年6月在布法罗附近召开的"(错误)信息时代的科学"会议。
46. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag
has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
[参考译文]
一项关于1996年新闻报道的调查显示，反科学的标签还可以贴在许多其 他团体身上，从提倡消灭最后存留的天花病毒的权威机构，到鼓吹削减 基础研究经费的共和党人(都被贴上了反科学的标签)。
47. The 'true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford
University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
[参考译文]
环境研究的先驱、斯坦福大学的保罗·厄尔里西认为，科学真正的敌人是那些对支持全球变暖、臭氧层损耗以及工业发展的其他后果的证据提 出置疑的人。
48. This development--and its strong implication for US politics and
economy in years ahead--has enthroned the South as America's most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation's head counting.
[参考译文]
这种发展--以及其对美国政治、经济在未来几年的潜在的强有力的影 响一一使得南部在全国人口普查中有史以来首次成为美国人口最密集 的地区。
49. Often they choose--and still are choosing--somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog.crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.
[参考译文]
他们常常选择--现在依然这样选择--居住在那些气候较为寒冷的地 区， 比如俄勒冈、爱达荷，还有阿拉斯加，为的是逃避烟雾、犯罪， 以及"金州"(加利福尼亚) 城市化进程中的其他问题。
50. As a result, California's growth rate dropped during the 1970's, to 18.5 percent--little more than two thirds the 1960's growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.
[参考译文]
结果，加利福尼亚的人口增长率在20世纪70年代时下降到了18．5％一 一稍高于60年代增长率的三分之二，大大低于西部其他各州。
51. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at
the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.
[参考译文]
跟世界上的大多数火山不同的是，它们(热点)并不总是在由构成地球 表面巨大漂流板块之间的边界上出现；相反，它们中有许多位于一个板 块较纵深的内部。
52. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of the plates with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior.
[参考译文]
携带这些大陆板块的相对运动已经能够被详细地表述出来，但是这些板块相对于另一些板块的运动还不能轻易地解释为它们相对于地球内部 的运动。
53. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continentmay break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.
[参考译文]
暂缺
54. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary--the dangers of
drug interactions, for example--and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer
is injured.
[参考译文]
尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的--比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告--许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客
受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者 和销售者豁免责任。
55. At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges,
lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight--issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.
[参考译文]
与此同时，美国法律研究所--由一群法官、律师和理论专家组成，他 们的
建议分量极重--发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不 必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意 一些可能会出现的危险。
56. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools
that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.
[参考译文]
但是，在过去的一年间，软件公司已经开发出工具，使得公司可以直接 将信息"推出"给顾客，直接把营销讯息传递给目标顾客。
57. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers
show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.
[参考译文]
像Virtual Vineyards，Amazon．com这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、
热情服务和安全性合理结合以销售同类商品的网址是可以吸引网上客户 注意的。
58. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the
classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform.
[参考译文]
有些人为了学生的就业前景为教室里放置电脑而辩，有些人为教育的彻 底
改革中更为广泛的理由为教室里放置电脑而辩，这两群人之间有一条 无形的界线。
59. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a
character who is incomplete if he
cannot competently access how his livelihood
and happiness are affected by things
outside of himself.
[参考译文]
我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的某种观念，这个公民人物如果不能 很
恰当地认识到自己的生存和幸福是如何受到自身之外的事物的影响， 那么其公民特征就
是不完整的。
60. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind
of
professional in a country as large as
ours and where the economy is spread
over so many states and involves so
many international corporations.
[参考译文]
另外，在我们这么一个大国里，经济延展到这么多的州、涉及到这么多 的
国际公司，因而要按照数量培养出所需的各类专业人员是不大可能的
61.But,for a small group of students, professional training might be the
way
to go since well-developed skills, all
other factors being equal, can be the
difference between having a job and not.
[参考译文]
但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为在 其他
因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。
62. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry
technique to clone humans, he ordered
that federal funds not be used for such
an experiment-although no one had
proposed to do so--and asked an independent
panel of experts chaired by Princeton
President Harold Shapiro to report back
to the White House in 90 days with
recommendations for a national policy on
human cloning.
[参考译文]
他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令 ．
不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验--尽管还没有人建议这么做--他 还请一个以普林斯顿
大学校长哈罗得·夏皮罗为首的独立的专家组在90 天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人
的国家政策的建议。
63. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May
meeting, Shapiro suggested that the
panel had found a broad consensus that it
would be "morally unacceptable to
attempt to create a human child by adult
nuclear cloning". 参考译文]
在5月17日的会议上所讨论的这份建议书的序言草案中，
夏皮罗提出， 专家组已经达成广泛共识，那就是"试图通过成人细胞核克隆来制造人类幼
儿的 做法在道德上是不可接受的"。
64. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds
to
create embryos (the earliest stage of
human offspring before birth) for
research or to knowingly endanger an
embryo's life, NBAC will remain silent on
embryo research.
[参考译文]
因为现今的联邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金克隆胚胎(人类后裔在出生 前的
最早阶段)用于研究或者有意地威胁胚胎的生命，NBAC在胚胎研 究上将保持沉默。
65. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as
faithfully as the reports in the
science journals indicate, then it is
perfectly logical for management to
expect research to produce results
measurable in dollars and cents.
[参考译文]
如果试验是像科学杂志上的报告所示的那样如实地根据计划规划和实施的话
，那么对管理层来说，期待研究能够产生可以用金钱衡量的结果是完全合理的。
66. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists
who
know exactly where they are going and
how they will get there should not be
distracted by the necessity of keeping
one eye on the cash register while the
other eye is on the microscope.
[参考译文]
审查者完全有理由相信，知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该因为
必须一只眼盯着收银机，一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。
67. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as
desirable
to the scientist as the writing of his
papers would appear to reflect, is
management to be blamed for
discriminating against the "odd balls" among
researchers in favor of more
conventional thinkers who "work well with the
team."
[参考译文]
如果科学家对标准式样的整齐划一的要求就像他论文的写作所反映的一 样
，那么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中的"思维与众不同的人"，喜欢其 中较为传统的"善于
团队合作"的思想者而受到指责了。
68. The grand mediocrity of today--everyone being the same in survival
and
number of off- spring--means that
natural selection has lost 80% of its power
in upper-middle-class India compared
to the tribe.
[参考译文]
当今人与人在很大程度上的平等--即面对自然淘汰法则人人机会均等，并且
连子嗣的数目都一样--意味着和在印度土著部落中的情况相比， 印度中上层阶级中已丧
失了80％的自然选择中的优势。
69. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is
advisable to
find out what its advocates are aiming
at, for, however farfetched and
unreasonable their principles may seem
today, it is possible that in years to
come they may be regarded as normal.
[参考译文]
当艺术领域的一个新运动发展成某种流行时尚时，应该弄清这场运动倡
导者的真正意图，因为，不管他们的原则在今天看来多么牵强无理，很可能多年以后他们
的理论会被视为正常。
70. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather
difficult,
for whatever Futurist poetry may be
even admitting that the theory on which it
is based may be right--it can hardly
be classed as Literature.
[参考译文]
然而就未来主义诗歌来说，情况则不这么简单了，因为不管未来主义诗歌是
什么--就算承认它赖以存在的理论基础都是正确的--这种形式也很难被归入文学。
71. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a
certain line describes a fight between
a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a
bridge off which they both fall into
the river--and then to find that the line
consists of the noise of their falling
and the weights of the officers,
"Pluff! Pluff!" A hundred
and eighty-five kilograms."
[参考译文]
但当我们先是从注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一个保 加利亚
军官在桥上动手打架并双双掉进河里，而后却发现该行诗中不过只充斥着"扑通，扑通，1
85公斤重"这类对他们落水时的动静以及对军官们体重的描写时，我们不免感到困惑不安
。
72. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women
into
the male- domiated job market have
limited the opportunities of teen-agers who
are already questioning the heavy
personal sacrifices involved in climbing
Janpan's rigid social ladder to good
schools and jobs.
[参考译文]
战后婴儿潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主导的劳动力市场使得青少年
的发展机会变得极为有限，他们已经在不停地质疑为了爬上日本国内那通往优秀学校和体
面工作的严酷的社会阶梯而做出的巨大的个人 牺牲。
73. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised
eyebrows when he argued that liberal
reforms introduced by the American
occupation authorities after World
WarII had weakened the "Japanese morality
of respect for parents".
[参考译文]
去年，当担任教育部长职务的濑户光夫争辩说二战后由美国占领*引入的
自由主义革新削弱了日本民族"尊敬父母的道德品质"的时候，舆论哗然。
74. With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of
Japan's 119 million citizens live in
cities where community and the extended
family have been abandoned in favor of
isolated, tow-generation households.
[参考译文]
随着经济的增长，出现了集中化：全国1．19亿公民，其中整整76％的人口
定居城市：在这里，原来的社区和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒弃，取而代之的是与外界疏于
往来的、只由两代人组成的核心家庭。
75. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely
shared; and it especially must be
highly regarded by people who are themselves
admired, the educated not least a-mong
them.
[参考译文]
如果野心的传统具有生命力，那么这传统必会为许多人分享；尤其会受到自
己也受人仰慕的人士的青睐，在这些人中受过良好教育的可不占少数。
[参考译文]
很不幸，这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。一些经济学家认为世界经济结构的强有力的变化已经结束了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联 为基础的旧的经济模式。
42. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived
Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
[参考译文]
例如，阿斯旺大坝使得尼罗河不再洪水泛滥，但是它也夺去了埃及以前所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥--这些换宋的就是这么个疾病滋生的水 库，现在这个水库积满了淤泥，几乎不能发电了。
43. New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering and
downsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training,
[参考译文]
企业重组的新方法--所有那些重新设计、缩小规模的做法--只是对一个经济的整体生产力做出了一方面的贡献。这种经济还受许多其他因 素的驱动，比如结合设备和机械上的投资、新技术，以及在教育和培训 上的投资。
44. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have
applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.
[参考译文]
他的同事迈克尔·比尔说，有太多的公司已经用一种机械的方式实行公司内部的重新设计，在没有充分考虑长期赢利的能力下削减了成本。
45. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings
such as "The Flight from S.cience and Reason" , held in New York City in 1995, and "Science in the Age of (Mis) information, which assembled last June near Buffalo.
[参考译文]
科学卫士们在会议上也表述了他们的关注，比如1995年在纽约市举行的 "逃离科学与理性"会议，以及去年6月在布法罗附近召开的"(错误)信息时代的科学"会议。
46. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag
has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
[参考译文]
一项关于1996年新闻报道的调查显示，反科学的标签还可以贴在许多其 他团体身上，从提倡消灭最后存留的天花病毒的权威机构，到鼓吹削减 基础研究经费的共和党人(都被贴上了反科学的标签)。
47. The 'true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford
University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
[参考译文]
环境研究的先驱、斯坦福大学的保罗·厄尔里西认为，科学真正的敌人是那些对支持全球变暖、臭氧层损耗以及工业发展的其他后果的证据提 出置疑的人。
48. This development--and its strong implication for US politics and
economy in years ahead--has enthroned the South as America's most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation's head counting.
[参考译文]
这种发展--以及其对美国政治、经济在未来几年的潜在的强有力的影 响一一使得南部在全国人口普查中有史以来首次成为美国人口最密集 的地区。
49. Often they choose--and still are choosing--somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog.crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.
[参考译文]
他们常常选择--现在依然这样选择--居住在那些气候较为寒冷的地 区， 比如俄勒冈、爱达荷，还有阿拉斯加，为的是逃避烟雾、犯罪， 以及"金州"(加利福尼亚) 城市化进程中的其他问题。
50. As a result, California's growth rate dropped during the 1970's, to 18.5 percent--little more than two thirds the 1960's growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.
[参考译文]
结果，加利福尼亚的人口增长率在20世纪70年代时下降到了18．5％一 一稍高于60年代增长率的三分之二，大大低于西部其他各州。
51. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at
the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.
[参考译文]
跟世界上的大多数火山不同的是，它们(热点)并不总是在由构成地球 表面巨大漂流板块之间的边界上出现；相反，它们中有许多位于一个板 块较纵深的内部。
52. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of the plates with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior.
[参考译文]
携带这些大陆板块的相对运动已经能够被详细地表述出来，但是这些板块相对于另一些板块的运动还不能轻易地解释为它们相对于地球内部 的运动。
53. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continentmay break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.
[参考译文]
暂缺
54. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary--the dangers of
drug interactions, for example--and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer
is injured.
[参考译文]
尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的--比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告--许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客
受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者 和销售者豁免责任。
55. At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges,
lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight--issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.
[参考译文]
与此同时，美国法律研究所--由一群法官、律师和理论专家组成，他 们的
建议分量极重--发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不 必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意 一些可能会出现的危险。
56. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools
that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.
[参考译文]
但是，在过去的一年间，软件公司已经开发出工具，使得公司可以直接 将信息"推出"给顾客，直接把营销讯息传递给目标顾客。
57. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers
show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.
[参考译文]
像Virtual Vineyards，Amazon．com这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、
热情服务和安全性合理结合以销售同类商品的网址是可以吸引网上客户 注意的。
58. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the
classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform.
[参考译文]
有些人为了学生的就业前景为教室里放置电脑而辩，有些人为教育的彻 底
改革中更为广泛的理由为教室里放置电脑而辩，这两群人之间有一条 无形的界线。
59. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a
character who is incomplete if he
cannot competently access how his livelihood
and happiness are affected by things
outside of himself.
[参考译文]
我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的某种观念，这个公民人物如果不能 很
恰当地认识到自己的生存和幸福是如何受到自身之外的事物的影响， 那么其公民特征就
是不完整的。
60. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind
of
professional in a country as large as
ours and where the economy is spread
over so many states and involves so
many international corporations.
[参考译文]
另外，在我们这么一个大国里，经济延展到这么多的州、涉及到这么多 的
国际公司，因而要按照数量培养出所需的各类专业人员是不大可能的
61.But,for a small group of students, professional training might be the
way
to go since well-developed skills, all
other factors being equal, can be the
difference between having a job and not.
[参考译文]
但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为在 其他
因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。
62. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry
technique to clone humans, he ordered
that federal funds not be used for such
an experiment-although no one had
proposed to do so--and asked an independent
panel of experts chaired by Princeton
President Harold Shapiro to report back
to the White House in 90 days with
recommendations for a national policy on
human cloning.
[参考译文]
他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令 ．
不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验--尽管还没有人建议这么做--他 还请一个以普林斯顿
大学校长哈罗得·夏皮罗为首的独立的专家组在90 天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人
的国家政策的建议。
63. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May
meeting, Shapiro suggested that the
panel had found a broad consensus that it
would be "morally unacceptable to
attempt to create a human child by adult
nuclear cloning". 参考译文]
在5月17日的会议上所讨论的这份建议书的序言草案中，
夏皮罗提出， 专家组已经达成广泛共识，那就是"试图通过成人细胞核克隆来制造人类幼
儿的 做法在道德上是不可接受的"。
64. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds
to
create embryos (the earliest stage of
human offspring before birth) for
research or to knowingly endanger an
embryo's life, NBAC will remain silent on
embryo research.
[参考译文]
因为现今的联邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金克隆胚胎(人类后裔在出生 前的
最早阶段)用于研究或者有意地威胁胚胎的生命，NBAC在胚胎研 究上将保持沉默。
65. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as
faithfully as the reports in the
science journals indicate, then it is
perfectly logical for management to
expect research to produce results
measurable in dollars and cents.
[参考译文]
如果试验是像科学杂志上的报告所示的那样如实地根据计划规划和实施的话
，那么对管理层来说，期待研究能够产生可以用金钱衡量的结果是完全合理的。
66. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists
who
know exactly where they are going and
how they will get there should not be
distracted by the necessity of keeping
one eye on the cash register while the
other eye is on the microscope.
[参考译文]
审查者完全有理由相信，知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该因为
必须一只眼盯着收银机，一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。
67. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as
desirable
to the scientist as the writing of his
papers would appear to reflect, is
management to be blamed for
discriminating against the "odd balls" among
researchers in favor of more
conventional thinkers who "work well with the
team."
[参考译文]
如果科学家对标准式样的整齐划一的要求就像他论文的写作所反映的一 样
，那么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中的"思维与众不同的人"，喜欢其 中较为传统的"善于
团队合作"的思想者而受到指责了。
68. The grand mediocrity of today--everyone being the same in survival
and
number of off- spring--means that
natural selection has lost 80% of its power
in upper-middle-class India compared
to the tribe.
[参考译文]
当今人与人在很大程度上的平等--即面对自然淘汰法则人人机会均等，并且
连子嗣的数目都一样--意味着和在印度土著部落中的情况相比， 印度中上层阶级中已丧
失了80％的自然选择中的优势。
69. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is
advisable to
find out what its advocates are aiming
at, for, however farfetched and
unreasonable their principles may seem
today, it is possible that in years to
come they may be regarded as normal.
[参考译文]
当艺术领域的一个新运动发展成某种流行时尚时，应该弄清这场运动倡
导者的真正意图，因为，不管他们的原则在今天看来多么牵强无理，很可能多年以后他们
的理论会被视为正常。
70. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather
difficult,
for whatever Futurist poetry may be
even admitting that the theory on which it
is based may be right--it can hardly
be classed as Literature.
[参考译文]
然而就未来主义诗歌来说，情况则不这么简单了，因为不管未来主义诗歌是
什么--就算承认它赖以存在的理论基础都是正确的--这种形式也很难被归入文学。
71. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a
certain line describes a fight between
a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a
bridge off which they both fall into
the river--and then to find that the line
consists of the noise of their falling
and the weights of the officers,
"Pluff! Pluff!" A hundred
and eighty-five kilograms."
[参考译文]
但当我们先是从注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一个保 加利亚
军官在桥上动手打架并双双掉进河里，而后却发现该行诗中不过只充斥着"扑通，扑通，1
85公斤重"这类对他们落水时的动静以及对军官们体重的描写时，我们不免感到困惑不安
。
72. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women
into
the male- domiated job market have
limited the opportunities of teen-agers who
are already questioning the heavy
personal sacrifices involved in climbing
Janpan's rigid social ladder to good
schools and jobs.
[参考译文]
战后婴儿潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主导的劳动力市场使得青少年
的发展机会变得极为有限，他们已经在不停地质疑为了爬上日本国内那通往优秀学校和体
面工作的严酷的社会阶梯而做出的巨大的个人 牺牲。
73. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised
eyebrows when he argued that liberal
reforms introduced by the American
occupation authorities after World
WarII had weakened the "Japanese morality
of respect for parents".
[参考译文]
去年，当担任教育部长职务的濑户光夫争辩说二战后由美国占领*引入的
自由主义革新削弱了日本民族"尊敬父母的道德品质"的时候，舆论哗然。
74. With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of
Japan's 119 million citizens live in
cities where community and the extended
family have been abandoned in favor of
isolated, tow-generation households.
[参考译文]
随着经济的增长，出现了集中化：全国1．19亿公民，其中整整76％的人口
定居城市：在这里，原来的社区和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒弃，取而代之的是与外界疏于
往来的、只由两代人组成的核心家庭。
75. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely
shared; and it especially must be
highly regarded by people who are themselves
admired, the educated not least a-mong
them.
[参考译文]
如果野心的传统具有生命力，那么这传统必会为许多人分享；尤其会受到自
己也受人仰慕的人士的青睐，在这些人中受过良好教育的可不占少数。
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