主动语态和被动语态的区别是什么
4个回答
展开全部
公式:be+动词的过去分词 /应用范围:表示被动的情况,一般是及物动词有被动语态,切记不及物动词与一些固定词组是没有被动语态的.例如:happen,take place //英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的.英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态.//主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者.巧记为:主动、主动、主去动.///例如:Many people speak English.//谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的.//被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象.巧记为:被动、被动、主被动.例如:English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者.//主动态和被动态指的是动词形式,是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构,从而是句法概念.所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子,而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子.//例如:He opened the door.他开了门.(主动句) //歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要; /主动语态变被动语态的方法 //(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语.//(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) //(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式).//(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格.例如://All the people laughed at him.//He was laughed at by all people.//They make the bikes in the factory.//The bikes are made?by them?in the factory.//歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟.//谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用.///The door was opened.门被开了.(被动句) //二、被动语态的构成 //被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成.人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的.现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成./被动语态的用法 //(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.//例如://Some new computers were stolen last night.//一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了.(不知道电脑是谁偷的) //This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年.//(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者.//例如:the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的.//This book was written by him.这本书是他写的
展开全部
主动语态主语是动作的执行者,被动语态主语是动作的承受者
已赞过
已踩过<
评论
收起
你对这个回答的评价是?
展开全部
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:
Many people speak English.(主动语态)
English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)
1.被动语态的构成
由于不及物动词不能带宾语,故无被动语态,只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态,其基本构成方式是“助动词be+过去分词”。
注意:“be+过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态,有些动词(如 be,feel,look,seem等)后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,用作表语表示状态。如:
My bike is broken.(我的自行车坏了。)
The door is open.(门开了。)
2.主动语态改被动语态的方法
1)将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面:①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构;③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略)。
2)含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况:①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位;②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。如:
He gave the boy an apple.→The boy was given an apple.(或An apple was given to the boy.)
Her father bought her a present.→She was bought a present by her father.(或A present was bought for her by her father.)
3)不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态,改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如:
They watched the children sing that morning.→The children were watched to sing that morning.
4)带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如:
We call him Xiao Wang.→He is called Xiao Wang.
He cut his hair short.→His hair was cut short.
They told him to help me.→He was told to help me.
5)短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏。如:
We must take good care of the young trees.→The young trees must be taken good care of.
6)含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面;也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know,say,believe,find,think,report等。如:
People believe that he is ill.→It is believed that he is ill.(或:He is believed to be ill.)
3.被动语态改为主动语态的方法:
被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语(或按题意要求确定主语),按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如:
History is made by the people.
Many people speak English.(主动语态)
English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)
1.被动语态的构成
由于不及物动词不能带宾语,故无被动语态,只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态,其基本构成方式是“助动词be+过去分词”。
注意:“be+过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态,有些动词(如 be,feel,look,seem等)后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,用作表语表示状态。如:
My bike is broken.(我的自行车坏了。)
The door is open.(门开了。)
2.主动语态改被动语态的方法
1)将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面:①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构;③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略)。
2)含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况:①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位;②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。如:
He gave the boy an apple.→The boy was given an apple.(或An apple was given to the boy.)
Her father bought her a present.→She was bought a present by her father.(或A present was bought for her by her father.)
3)不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态,改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如:
They watched the children sing that morning.→The children were watched to sing that morning.
4)带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如:
We call him Xiao Wang.→He is called Xiao Wang.
He cut his hair short.→His hair was cut short.
They told him to help me.→He was told to help me.
5)短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏。如:
We must take good care of the young trees.→The young trees must be taken good care of.
6)含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面;也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know,say,believe,find,think,report等。如:
People believe that he is ill.→It is believed that he is ill.(或:He is believed to be ill.)
3.被动语态改为主动语态的方法:
被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语(或按题意要求确定主语),按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如:
History is made by the people.
已赞过
已踩过<
评论
收起
你对这个回答的评价是?
推荐律师服务:
若未解决您的问题,请您详细描述您的问题,通过百度律临进行免费专业咨询