定语从句that与who用法区别

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  两者都可用作关系代词指人,有时可互换,但以下几点需注意:

  1. 在all, nobody, no one, somebody, someone, anybody等词之后两者都可用,但以用that较普通。如:

  All that [who] heard him were delighted.所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴。

  Have you met anybody that [who] has been to Paris?你遇见过到过巴黎的人吗?

  2. 在序数词、形容词最高级以及the only, the same, the very等之后两者都可用,但以用that较普通。如:

  Newton was one of the greatest men that [who] ever lived.牛顿是世界上最伟大的人物之一。

  He is the only one among us that [who] knows Russian.他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人。

  3. 引导非限制性定语从句时,通常只用who。如:

  Mrs Smith, who has a lot of teaching experience, will be joining us next term.史密斯夫人很有教学经验,她下个学期将来与我们一道工作。

  4. 但是在下列情况,通常只用that(www.yygrammar.com):

  ①当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。如:

  I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad.我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告。

  ②当先行词是who时(为避免重复)。如:

  Who that has sympathy can laugh on that occasion?有同情心的人谁会在那个时候发笑呢?

  ③当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略)。如:

  Tom is not the boy (that) he was.汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个汤姆了。

  关系代词that用法

  that常用作关系代词,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物时有的时候可用which替换that,指人时可用who替换。但在下列情况下,一般用that。

  一、that指代某物事时

  1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。如:

  (1)We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered plants and animals.

  我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。

  (2) There is much that I wan to tell you.

  我有很多想要告诉你的话。

  (3) Is there anything that I can do for you?

  有什么我可以帮你的吗?

  2.先行词被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定词修饰时。如:

  (4) You can borrow any book that you want to read in our school library.

  在我们图书馆,你可以借任何你想读的书。

  3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:

  (5)This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.

  这是我见过的最漂亮的城市。

  4.先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last等修饰时。如:

  (6)This is the very factory that they visited last summer holiday.

  这恰好是他们去年参观的那个工厂。

  (7)This is the only painting in this style that we have.

  这种风格的画我们仅有一幅。

  5.先行词是并列结构,既有人又有物时。如:

  (8)He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him.

  6.先行词前有the same修饰,表示和先行词是同一物时。如:

  (9)This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.

  这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。

  注:如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物,则用the same…as….如:

  (10)This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.

  这个钱夹和我昨天丢的那个一样。

  7.先行词为数词时。

  (11)Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday.

  瞧书架上那些书。你可以看到我过生日时你买的那两本。

  8.如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句,为避免重复,第二个定语从句用that。如:

  (12)They built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.

  他们建了一工厂,生产以前从未见过的东西。

  9.以which作主语开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复,定语从句用that。如。

  (13)Which is the bus that you will take?

  你要乘的是哪一班车?

  10.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,而且通常省略。如:

  (14)My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.

  我的家乡再也不是以前那个样子了。

  11.关系代词在there be句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。如:

  (15)This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.

  这是有史以来最快的列车。

  二、that指代某人时。

  1.泛指某人时。如:

  (16)He is a man that is never at a loss.

  他是一个从未一筹莫展的人。

  2.主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复时。如:

  (17)Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster?

  和我们校长说话的那人是谁?

  3.先行词前有the same时。如:

  (18)This is the same man that gave us a talk last year.

  这和去年给我们作报告的是同一人。

  4.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如:

  (19)He has changed. He was not the man (that) he was 10 years ago.

  他变了。他再也不是10年前的他了。

  另外,that也可用作关系副词,表示时间、地点、原因和方式,在口语中可以用来代替when, where, why引导的定语从句。在以下名词day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行词时,可用that作关系副词引导定语从句。如:

  (20)I'll never forget the day (that) I joined the League.

  我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。

  (21)Is this the reason (that) they were late for the meeting?

  这就是他们开会迟到的原因吗?

  (22)We want to find a place (that) we can have a picnic.

  我们想找一个我们能野餐的地方。

  (23)This is the first time that I have been abroad for traveling.

  这是我第一次到国外去旅游。

  (注:先行词是time,前面有序数词或last修饰时,常用that引导定语从句或者省略。)

  当先行词为表示方式的词the way时,可用that引导定语从句, that常可以省略。

  (24)I don't the way you speak to her.

  我不喜欢你和她说话那种方式。

  拓展内容: 定语从句要点

  定语从句在初中英语中的重要性主要体现在完形、阅读和写作中,因此,能否较好的掌握定语从句直接关系到你英语成绩的拔高。其实,定语从句并不难.

  一. 定语从句的概念

  在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

  二. 引导定语从句的关系词

  引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的.重要成分。

  三. 定语从句的分类

  根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

  四. 关系代词的用法

  1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

  Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.

  玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

  The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.

  我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

  2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

  The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.

  位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

  The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.

  我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

  3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如:

  The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.

  经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

  Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?

  正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

  注意:

  (1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,whom,that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用介词+which/whom结构。例如:

  This is the house in which we lived last year.

  这是我们去年居住的房子。

  Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

  (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:

  This is the person whom you are looking for.

  这就是你要找的那个人。

  (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:

  The city that she lives in is very far away.

  她居住的城市非常远。

  (4)关系词只能用that的情况:

  a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  He was the first person that passed the exam.

  他是第一个通过考试的人。

  b. 被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词指物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?

  你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

  c. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  This is the same bike that I lost.

  这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

  d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

  I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

  我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

  e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:

  Who is the girl that is crying?

  正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

  f. 主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which,例如:

  There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.

  桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

  (5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:

  a. 先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:

  Whats that which is under the desk?

  在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

  b. 关系代词前有介词时,which,而不用that.例如:

  This is the room in which he lives.

  这是他居住的房间。

  c. 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指事物时,用which, 而不用that,例如:

  Tom came back, which made us happy.

  汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

  五. 关系副词的用法

  1. when指时间,其先行词表示时间,when在定语从句中作时间状语。例如:

  This was the time when he arrived.

  这是他到达的时间。

  2. where指地点,其先行词表示地点,where在定语从句中作地点状语。例如:

  This is place where he works.

  这是他工作的地点。

  3. why 指原因,其先行词是原因,why在定语从句中做原因状语。例如:

  Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

  没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

  好啦,关于定语从句,你学会了吗?

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