请问我语法问题在哪??请具体一点 这句话我想表达的是(很难想象没有做运动人们的会变成什么样)
正确的:(It's hard to imagine what people would be like without doing sports)
所以到底错在哪?如何去写定语从句? 展开
首先,如果是在口语对话中,你直接说出来的话,这个句子其实听不出什么问题,因为如果停顿正确,你讲的都是小短句的话,意思是完全清晰的,外国人完全能明白,也就是:
It is hard to imagine, without doing sports, what people will be like.
这样在口语中,作为分段信息给出是没有什么问题的,
但是作为书面语,这个句子就不是很准确了。
其实最简单的问题就是,记得所有的这种with..., without..., by..., at...这种讲小细节的内容的短句全部丢到句尾就好了。
英文和中文很大的区别就是,中文喜欢把一些描述性的,限定性的,细节性的内容放在关键词或者关键信息的内容前面,简单点说就是,中文喜欢讲一大堆形容词以后再讲主语,比如说:
(这个还没有用就坏了)的电视机
这个短语里面,电视机是最关键信息,而中文是喜欢放在最后的,但是英文却刚好相反,英文喜欢一下子先把关键信息交代给你,然后告诉你细节内容,所以上面那个长长的短语在英文里就是:
The TV which is broken even without using it at all
回到你自己的句子:
it is hard to imagine without doing sports what people will be like.
其实你只要把 "without doing sports" 放到句末就好了,因为这部分内容相比于“what people will be like”, "what people will be like" 才是你 "It's hard to imagine" 的事情,"without doing sports" 只是它的限定条件,
所以你的句子的主要内容是:It's hard to imagine what people will be like (...)
后面括号里的内容,只是一种限制条件,它是可以随便按你的意思换,可能这样表达起来老外觉得方便一些,给你几个例子:
It's hard to imagine what people will be like (without eating).
It's hard to imagine what people will be like (without having friends).
It's hard to iamgine what people will be like (stay at home all the time).
如果你能理解 "what people will be like" 是 "It's hard to imagine" 宾语,而英文中宾语一般是紧跟在主句部分后面的,形容和限定的内容会扔到句子末尾,那也就比较清楚了。
因为你 "hard to imagine"的是"what people will be like",而不是 "without doing sports"啊。翻译一下说,就是:你很难想象的是“人会变成啥鬼样子”,而不是:你很难想象“不做运动”。
所以在英文里,当然是hard to imagine 后面先跟 what people will be like 才是符合逻辑的,很合理啊。只是中文习惯里,一般限定内容 “without doing sports 不做运动” 是先说的,所以你才比较迷糊了。
总个结,一般英文里,先讲主句,主句讲完了,马上接个先行词或者引导词啥的,一般都是 that, which, what, where, who等等的,看你具体后面要提到的关键内容是人还是东西,还是地点,或者是整个事件,那就用that,然后再接限制性条件或者形容类的小短句,或者有的没的细节信息就好了。
差不多就是:
主句 + 先行词(其他引导词) + 跟先行词有紧密联系的关键信息 + 限制性条件或内容
(A + B + C + D)
eg:
It's easy to say what you want to hear the most.
A B C D
It's not right to tell him that he didn't get the position before the boss officially announce it.
A B C D
太谢谢你了受益匪浅~
现在才看到🐣
复合关系代词"what"引导的是名词性从句。
复合关系代词"what"不需要先行词,因其相当于the thing(s) which,自带先行词the thing(s)。
名词性从句可作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补语、以及同位语。
动名词"doing"后面已经有名词"sports"作宾语,其后面只能是修饰成分,不能再添加名词。
what引导的名词性从句应该跟在动词不定式"to imagine"的后面,作它的宾语。
这句子中没有出现定语从句。
定语从句的结构为:先行词+关系词+句子
先行词:名词或代词
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
·关系代词
who, whom, whose,先行词为“人”。
→He was the last man who came.
which,先行词为“物”。
→This is the book which I have chosen.
·关系副词
when,先行词为表示“时间”的名词。
→There're times when we're dispirited.
where,先行词为表示“地点”的名词,无先行词时引导名词性从句。
→This is the village where I was born.
→This is where we used to play.
why,先行词只能是reason,无先行词时引导名词性从句。
→There's no reason why I should disbelieve it.
→This is why I came here.
※how,不取先行词,可以用the way替代,不引导定语从句,只引导名词性从句。
→That's how it happened.
→That's the way it happened.
who, whom, which, when, where, why可以被that替代。
whose和how不可被that替代。
定语从句中,关系代词后面的句子结构是不完整的,因为句子中的主语或宾语被关系代词所取代,置于先行词与句子之间。
He was the last man who came.
→(the last man) came
This is the book which I have chosen.
→I have chosen (the book)
定语从句中,关系副词后面的句子结构看上去是完整的,因为关系副词置换的是状语,而句子缺失状语也能成立。
There're times when we're dispirited.
→we're dispirited (in times)
This is the village where I was born.
→I was born (in the village)
关系词引导的是定语从句还是名词性从句,可以根据有无先行词来判断。
that引导的定语从句和that引导的同位语从句很容易混淆。
区分方法是前者的句子结构是不完整的,而后者的句子结构是完整的。
I heard the news that was wrong.
→(the news) was wrong
I heard the news that the rumour was wrong.
→the rumour was wrong
错误在without doing sports,正这里修饰主句,没有语义关联;
It's hard to imagine what people would be like without doing sports.
正确,without doing sports作宾语从句what people would be like的状语。
在你的句中,太汉语化,把状语 “without doing sports” 提前,(—— 想作定语?),硬把及物动词与宾语隔开。另外句子是表达 “to imagin”,后面用 “would” 比 “will” 好,想象的只会是某种可能,用 will 意思太肯定了。