Question

一个句子在什么情况下,要用动词不定式作定语修饰名词? 看过很多句子都用动词不定式……

Answer 1

动词不定式作定语 —— 不定式作定语时,要放在所修饰的名词后面,这种不定式很多和它修饰的词有动宾关系,如果这个不定式是不及物动词,它后面就应有必要的介词.
He wants water to drink .他要水喝.
He is a pleasant fellow to work with .他是个很好共事的人.
She bought a bookshelf to put her books on .她买了一个书架放书.
He has a child to take care of .他有一个孩子要照管.
She can find no one to make friends with .她找不到可交朋友的人.
He lent me a book to kill time with ,他借给我一本书消磨时间.
She offered me a cup of coffee to refresh my spirit with .她给我端来一杯咖啡,让我提提神.
Do you have anything more to say 你还有什么要说的吗?
That will be the only thing to do now .这恐怕是目前唯一可行的办法.
* A 下列名词常常可以接不定式作定语：ability ambition attempt chance courage time dicision effort failure moment promise right way wish …
His promise to help me excited me .
He has fulfilled his ambition to be a writer .
B 由only first last next 以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常常节不定式作定语
He is always the last one to leave the office .
This is the fifth case of anthrax ( 炭疽 ) to occur in New York this year .
C 不定式还可以用在下列句子中作定语,相当于一个定语从句,表示即将发生的动作.
We’ll have more activities like this in the few weeks to come .
( We’ll have more activities like this in the few weeks that is coming .)
The conference to take place in Shanghai next week is of great importance .
( The conference will take place in Shanghai next week is of great importance .)
D 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不不定式动作的地点,工具等,不定式要有相应的介词,但不定式修饰的名词是time ,placce ,way ,不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省略.
He is looking for a room to live in .
There is nothing to worry about .
Please give me a knife to cut with .
He had no money and no place to live ( in ) .
E 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式可以用主动语态,也可以用被动语态,其含义不同.
Have you anything to send 你有什么东西要寄吗?（不定式的执行者是you ）
Have you anything to be sent
你有什么东西要（我或别人）寄吗?（不定式的执行者是me 或someone else ）