Question

在线等！医学英文翻译

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Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
HIT is an IgG-mediated syndrome, characterized by the formation of heparin-dependent antibodies that recognize heparin-platelet factor 4 complexes. The antigen-antibody interaction on the platelet surface activates platelets and the coagulation system, leading to thrombocytopenia and an increased risk for thrombotic complications.
Patients typically present with an unexplained, mild-moderate fall in their platelet counts, 5钬?0 days following exposure to either UFH or LMWH. Since the thrombocytopenia is severe in only a minority of patients, any decrease in the platelet count to below 50% of the baseline should be evaluated for HIT. The onset of thrombocytopenia after heparin reexposure can be abrupt in patients who have recently received heparin. Both venous and arterial thromboses can complicate HIT. The frequency of HIT varies widely based on the type of heparin and the length of exposure. Compared to LMWH, UFH is associated with a tenfold greater risk of HIT. Among orthopedic patients receiving UFH for 10钬?4 days, 3钬?% have developed HIT, with 30钬?0% of them manifesting with thrombotic complications.

Answer 1

肝素诱导性血小板减少症
肝素诱导性血小板减少症是一种抗体介导的综合征，特征形成依赖肝素的抗体，与肝素-PF4(血小板4因子)复合物结合。血小板表面抗原抗体的相互作用激活血小板和凝血系统，导致血小板减少和血栓性并发症的风险增加。
患者通常都存在原因不明的轻度或中度的血小板数减少，在应用普通肝素或低分子量肝素的 50天里。由于很严重的血小板减少只有少数病人，任何的血小板计数下降到低于50％的基准应该评估为肝素诱导性血小板减少症。近期使用过肝素的病人重新用肝素会出现血小板减少明显的问题。静脉和动脉血栓都可以使肝素诱导性血小板减少症复杂化。肝素诱导性血小板减少症发病频率根据肝素的类型和时间长短不同，会有很大差异。与低分子肝素相比，普通肝素得肝素诱导性血小板减少症的风险要大十倍。在接受整形外科的病人中，接收普通肝素10天，3钬？％已经导致肝素诱导性血小板减少症，有30钬？0％的人有血栓性并发症的表现。

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