Question

求英语达人 翻译下（不要翻译软件）

小学组织氛围对教师工作态度影响的研究（综述）
一所学校办得好坏，起决定性作用的是学校的领导者。但在影响学校各项工作任务顺利完成的诸项因素中，“教师”的作用是不容忽视的，学校没有教师就谈不上传授知识和培养人才，教师队伍素质差,工作极性不高，就无法提高教学质量。因此，在学校管理中对教师的工作是学校工作中的一项重要工作，也是作为学校领导者无法回避的课题。对教师工作的核心是认真做好教师思想政治工作，充分挖掘教师的潜力，调动他们的主动性、积极性和创造性。
教师是一个有知识、有教养的社会群体，有着鲜明的心理特点。第一，见多识广，善于思考，能够以自身独有的方式来体察现实生活，并提出自己的见解。第二，有强烈的自尊心，不仅渴望得到学生的尊敬，还希望得到领导和同事的尊重，反感领导摆架子，反感领导以势压人、独断专行。他们渴望民主，希望参与学校管理。第三，知识分子重感情，重友谊，自古以来就有“士为知己者死”，“愿报知遇之恩”的思想。教师亦如此，如果领导者能肯定和赏识教师的才能和成绩，以诚相待，教师工作就会更积极，同行之间如果关系融洽，就会形成工作和学习的合力，发挥教师这一群体所特有的战斗力，并转化为推进学校工作的动力。第四，教师的自觉性高，自我克制力强。“传道”是其职业依存的首选价值，职业行为亦塑造了他们严于律己，为人师表的性格。因此他们时刻注意严格约束自己，以身示范，用自己的正确思想和高尚情操对学生进行言传身教。
综上所述，教师的这些心理特点既体现了知识分子的一般品质，也反映出教师与其它社会群体之间的差异同时也恰恰是这些心理特征构成了学校对教师进行工作的模式选择之基础。教师是个特殊群体，与物质需要相比，他们更体现出对精神追求的偏爱，因此学校中的组织氛围是否良好对教师工作会产生很大的影响。所谓学校中的组织氛围就是指管理者的领导方式、领导作风、交往关系以及组织成员间彼此相处情况，结合而构成的学校在组织意义上的环境。可见组织氛围是一个综合体，其各个组成部分的特点不同，对教师工作会产生不同的影响。归纳一下，大致有以下几方面：领导方式、人际关系和工作待遇等。
为了推动教师积极工作，在学校中必须营造一种合谐健康的组织氛围。要在实践中不断研究探索，寻求一种理想的领导方式与作风。要形成和谐融洽的人际关系，领导成员之间必须保持认识一致，行为协调，团结合作。领导者与教师之间相互尊重、相互信任、相互支持。教师与教师之间互相关心，互相学习，互相帮助。共同创造一种宽松有致，动力充足强劲的氛围和环境，没有内耗，没有对立，上上下下同心协力，积极进取，使整个学校呈现出政通人和，蓬勃发展的新面貌。

Answer 1

A well, learned school-run decisive role is the school leader. But in the smooth completion of all tasks in the factor, "teacher" action is ignored, school teachers do not impart knowledge and talents training, teacher quality is poor, work is not high, the polarity can improve the quality of teaching. Therefore, in the school of management of teachers' work is an important work of school work, as the school leader cannot avoid topics. Teacher is the core of the work of ideological and political work earnestly teachers, fully excavate potential of teachers, arouse their initiative, enthusiasm and creativity.
Teacher is an intellectual, social groups, and has cultivated a distinct psychological characteristics. First, the informative, thinking, with its unique way to observe real life, and put forward its own views. Second, with a strong sense of self-esteem, not only for the student, also hope to get the respect of leadership and colleagues respect, disgusted, disgusted YiShiYaRen leading superiority leadership, Nanking. They are eager to participate in democratic management and hope. Third, intellectuals, heavy sentiment, heavy friendship, since the ancient times "and looking upon death as", "may quote autobiography" thought. Thus, if the teacher also can be sure and leader of the teachers and the results can be appreciated, honest, teachers' work will be more active, harmonious relationship between if, can form the joint work and study, teachers play a unique group of combat, and translated into the power of school work. Fourth, teachers, high self-consciousness self-control ability. "The ministry" is the choice of value, professional interdependent professional behavior also be shaped their exemplary virtue, the character. Therefore they notice strict constraints themselves, modeling, with their own correct ideological and moral precept of students.
To sum up, the teacher of the psychological characteristics reflected the general quality of intellectuals, also reflects the teachers and other social group differences also is the psychological characteristics of the school teachers constitute the basic work of mode selection. Teacher is a special group, compared with material, they need to pursue more embodies the spirit of the group, so the school preference for teacher whether good atmosphere will produce very big effect. The so-called school organizational climate refers to the leadership, management and leadership style, the interaction among the members of the organization, combined with each other in the school organization form on environment. Visible organization, which is a complex environment characteristics of each part of teachers, will produce different effect. Summary, we have the following several aspects: leadership, interpersonal relationships and working conditions.
In order to promote teachers' active in school work, to create a harmonious atmosphere to healthy tissue. In practice, the research explores constantly seeking an ideal way and the style of leadership. To form a harmonious relationship between members, leadership must maintain knowledge coordination, behavior, solidarity and cooperation. Leader between teachers and mutual respect, mutual trust and mutual support. Between teachers and care for each other, learn from each other and help each other. Create a relaxed, the dynamic sufficient strong atmosphere and environment, and no mechanism, the opposition, remittent together, positive enterprising, make whole school presents the political learned and booming, new look.

Answer 2

Primary school teachers working attitude of organizational climate impact study (review)
A well, learned school-run decisive role is the school leader. But in the smooth completion of all tasks in the factor, "teacher" action is ignored, school teachers do not impart knowledge and talents training, teacher quality is poor, work is not high, the polarity can improve the quality of teaching. Therefore, in the school of management of teachers' work is an important work of school work, as the school leader cannot avoid topics. Teacher is the core of the work of ideological and political work earnestly teachers, fully excavate potential of teachers, arouse their initiative, enthusiasm and creativity.
Teacher is an intellectual, social groups, and has cultivated a distinct psychological characteristics. First, the informative, thinking, with its unique way to observe real life, and put forward its own views. Second, with a strong sense of self-esteem, not only for the student, also hope to get the respect of leadership and colleagues respect, disgusted, disgusted YiShiYaRen leading superiority leadership, Nanking. They are eager to participate in democratic management and hope. Third, intellectuals, heavy sentiment, heavy friendship, since the ancient times "and looking upon death as", "may quote autobiography" thought. Thus, if the teacher also can be sure and leader of the teachers and the results can be appreciated, honest, teachers' work will be more active, harmonious relationship between if, can form the joint work and study, teachers play a unique group of combat, and translated into the power of school work. Fourth, teachers, high self-consciousness self-control ability. "The ministry" is the choice of value, professional interdependent professional behavior also be shaped their exemplary virtue, the character. Therefore they notice strict constraints themselves, modeling, with their own correct ideological and moral precept of students.
To sum up, the teacher of the psychological characteristics reflected the general quality of intellectuals, also reflects the teachers and other social group differences also is the psychological characteristics of the school teachers constitute the basic work of mode selection. Teacher is a special group, compared with material, they need to pursue more embodies the spirit of the group, so the school preference for teacher whether good atmosphere will produce very big effect. The so-called school organizational climate refers to the leadership, management and leadership style, the interaction among the members of the organization, combined with each other in the school organization form on environment. Visible organization, which is a complex environment characteristics of each part of teachers, will produce different effect. Summary, we have the following several aspects: leadership, interpersonal relationships and working conditions.
In order to promote teachers' active in school work, to create a harmonious atmosphere to healthy tissue. In practice, the research explores constantly seeking an ideal way and the style of leadership. To form a harmonious relationship between members, leadership must maintain knowledge coordination, behavior, solidarity and cooperation. Leader between teachers and mutual respect, mutual trust and mutual support. Between teachers and care for each other, learn from each other and help each other. Create a relaxed, the dynamic sufficient strong atmosphere and environment, and no mechanism, the opposition, remittent together, positive enterprising, make whole school presents the political learned and booming, new look.