初一英语下动词归纳和不规则动词归纳 15

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  (1) AAA型(动词原形与过去式和过去分词同形)

  cost(花费) cost cost
cut(割) cut cut
hit(打) hit hit
hurt (伤害) hurt hurt
let(让) let let
put(放) put put
read (读) read read
‍‍‍ (2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)
beat(跳动) beat beaten
(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)
become(变成) became become
come(来) came come
run(跑) ran run
(4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)
dig(挖) dug dug
get(得到) got got
hang(吊死) hanged hanged
hang(悬挂) hung hung
hold(抓住) held held
shine(照耀) shone shone
sit(坐) sat sat
win (赢) won won
meet(遇见) met met
keep (保持) kept kept
sleep(睡) slept slept
sweep(扫) swept swept
feel(感觉) felt felt
smell(闻) smelt smelt
leave(离开) left left
build(建设) built built
lend(借出) lent lent
send (传送) sent sent
spend(花费) spent spent
lose (丢失) lost lost
burn (燃烧) burnt burnt
learn(学习) learnt learnt
mean(意思是) meant meant
catch(抓住) caught caught
teach(教) taught taught
bring(带来) brought brought
fight (战斗) fought fought
buy(买) bought bought
think(想) thought thought
hear (听见) heard heard
sell(卖) sold sold
tell(告诉) told told
say(说) said said
find(找到) found found
have/has(有) had had
make(制造) made made
stand(站) stood stood
understand明白understood understood

(5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)

drive(开车)----drove----driven
write(写)---wrote---written
rise(升起)---rose---risen
ride(骑)----rode----ridden
speak(说话)----spoke----spoken
steal(偷)----stole----stolen
break(打破)----broke----broken
wake(醒来)----woke----woken
freeze(结冰)----froze----frozen
forget(忘记)----forgot----forgotten
choose(选择)----chose----chosen
draw(画画)----drew----drawn
eat(吃)----ate----eaten
fall(掉落)----fell----fallen
give(给)----gave----given
hide(藏)----hid----hidden
see(看见)----saw----seen
do(做)----did----done
begin(开始) began begun
drink(喝) drank drunk
ring(铃响) rang rung
sing (唱) sang sung
swim(游泳) swam swum
blow(吹) blew blown
draw (画) drew drawn
fly(飞) flew flown
grow(生长) grew grown
know(知道) knew known
throw(投掷) threw thrown
show(出示) showed shown
break(打破) broke broken choose(选择) chose chosen
forget(忘记) forgot forgotten (forgot)
speak(说,讲) spoke spoken
wake(醒) woke woken
drive(驾驶) drove driven
eat(吃) ate eaten
fall(落下) fell fallen
give(给) gave given
rise(升高) rose risen
take(取) took taken
mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken
ride(骑) rode ridden
write(写) wrote written
do(做) did done
go(去) went gone
lie(平躺) lay lain
see(看见) saw seen
wear (穿) wore worn
be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were been
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英语动词有五种基本形式,即动词原形、第三人称单数现在式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词,所谓不规则动词,就是变化时不是简单地在动词原形的后面加词尾(-s、-es、-ed、-ing等),而是有特别形式或变化没有规律的动词。
英语的不规则动词,大多由日耳曼语强变化动词演变而来,总数不过二百多个,但使用频率却相当高,这些不规则动词可以分为以下七组.
第一组,源自于原印欧语中变音的词干元音后方接/i/的动词.现代英语经历了ī的双元音化(虽然很多时候它依旧拼写成i,这时元音字母i要念成长元音,即合口双元音的/aɪ/)及ā变成ō的推移.同时现代英语的过去时也由古英语的单数过去形发展而来,同时在shine这个字的状况中,其过去分词形和单数过去形合并.这组动词有以下几类:
bide-bided-bode
chide-chid-chidden
drive-drove-driven
ride-rode-ridden
write-wrote-written
hide-hid-hidden
shine-shone-shone
rise-rose-risen
strike-struck-struck
shrive-shrove-shriven
thrive-throve-thriven
smite-smote-smitten
stride-strode-stridden
第二组,源自于原印欧语中变音的词干元音后方接/u/的动词,有一小群的动词以其过去分词的o元音和过去时的元音同化而自成一类:
choose-chose-chosen
cleave-clove-cloven
dive-dove-dived
fly-flew-flown
freeze-froze-frozen
第三组,源自于原印欧语中变音的词干元音后方接鼻音(n)和一个辅音或卷舌摩擦音r、边音l和一个辅音的动词.现代英语中,此类动词的过去形多半以古英语的单数过去形来构造,有时则以众数过去形来构造.
bind-bound-bound
begin-began-begun
cling-clung-clung
fling-flung-flung
ring-rang-rung
string-strung-strung
swell-swelled-swollen
fight-fought-fought
第四组,变音的词干元音后方接单一一个鼻音、卷舌音或边音的动词.现代英语中,在所有“规则的”四类动词中,其分词形结尾的-n都依旧有所保留,不过在r之后,其r与n中间的e消失了.
bear-bore-borne
break-broke-broken
get-got-gotten
shear-sheared-shorn
speak-spoke-spoken
steal-stole-stolen
swear-swore-sworn
tear-tore-torn
tread-trod-trodden
wake-woke-woken
weave-wove-woven
第五组,变音的词干元音后方接鼻音或卷舌音、边音以外其他种单一辅音的动词.在现代英语中,第五组动词已丧失了其内的一致性.
bid-bade-bidden
eat-ate-eaten
give-gave-given
lie-lay-lain-lying(注意,lie的现在分词也是不规则的,为lying)
see-saw-seen
sit-sat-sat
第六组,变音的词干元音在原始日耳曼语时期为a的动词.第六组动词已失去了其一致性,且依据许多不同的模式分成许多变化类.
draw-drew-drawn
forsake-forsook-forsaken
lade-laded-laden
shake-shook-shaken
shave-shaved-shaven
slay-slew-slain
stand-stood-stood
take-took-taken
第七组,这类动词的变化并非基于原印欧语词干元音变音的,这类动词的变化,在哥德语中以叠词的形式呈现,在其他日耳曼语的分支中,则以不规则的变音模式呈现.在现代英语里,第七组动词已经丧失了它的一致性.
beat-beat-beaten
blow-blew-blown
fall-fell-fallen
grow-grew-grown
hew-hewed-hewn
grow-grew-grown
hang-hung-hung
hold-held-held
know-knew-known
throw-threw-thrown
此外,一些情态动词、助动词be、have、do的变化也是不规则的.
be-am/is/are-was/were-been(be动词的现在时也是不规则的)
have-has-had-had (have的第三人称单数现在式也是不规则的)
do-did-done
can-could
may-might
must-must
shall-should
will-would
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