Question

中文翻译成英文，不要在线翻译！！

2.力学特性分析
混凝土连锁块护底在水流的冲击作用下是否悬浮漂起，可以通过在混凝土连锁块底部中心处安装测力传感器监测的试块基底压力反映。本次分别对150mm、100mm和80mm三种不同厚度的试块进行了模拟冲刷试验。
单块混凝土连锁块(150mm厚)水中抛投试验表明，当单块混凝土连锁块投入4m/s流速的水中时，迅速翻滚并被冲出渠道很远。这说明单块混凝土连锁块在4m/s流速的洪水中不能稳定。只有混凝土连锁块间相互咬合，保持为一整体，才能有比较强的抗冲稳定性，达到保护河床及堤防的目的。
根据实验观测资料[4]看，当试验渠道流速在3～4.5m/s时，观测点1、2、3处混凝土连锁块的实测脉动压力比较稳定，波动上下限差值较小，波形没有大的差异变化。这里给出测点2处的动态监测压力变化过程线，见图4～图6。
由图4可见，混凝土连锁块厚度为150mm，在渠道中无水时混凝土连锁块底部的初始压力为324N，基本上等于混凝土连锁块的自重，初始压力的大小视混凝土连锁块的安装情况不同会有所差异(主要是指被测混凝土连锁块与周围混凝土连锁块的咬合、挤压、摩擦等条件不同)。当水流到来时，混凝土连锁块底部压力突然下降，主要是混凝土连锁块浸入水中后浮力作用的结果。在放水试验中，混凝土连锁块浸水平均压力大约为100N；受水流紊动影响，瞬时压力峰值偏离平均值的波动范围为±12N，统计脉动压力的均方差σ1 ＝10.2，说明试块处于比较稳定的状态。
由图5可见，混凝土连锁块厚度为100mm，在渠道中无水时混凝土连锁块底部的初始压力为216N，也基本上为混凝土连锁块自重。放水试验时，混凝土连锁块底部压力下降为浸水的平均压力约60N，脉动压力值的波动范围为±10N，统计均方差σ2 ＝10.1。
由图6可见，混凝土连锁块厚度为80mm，混凝土连锁块底部的无水初始压力为136N，亦即混凝土连锁块自重。放水试验时混凝土连锁块底部的平均压力下降为42N，瞬时波动变化范围为±11N。脉动压力的均方差σ3仍为10.2，这说明脉动压力的大小主要与水流流速及紊动强度有关，而与试块重量关系不大。
A型砌块在流速3.8～4.1m/s、水深0.4～0.5m的情况下，保持了很好的整体稳定性。放水期间，试验砌块实测最小压力＞80N，脉动压力波动<10N,没有漂浮松动现象。砌块孔内受局部旋滚作用，填充碎石(粒径2～4cm)淘刷量不足30%,余石形成坡度为0.18的自然斜坡，砌块下垫层碎石得到很好的保护。若填充沙石粒径小于2cm时，均不能对下垫层形成保护作用。
B型砌块在水深0.5～0.6m、流速3.8～4.3m/s的条件下，依然保持了很好的整体稳定性。放水期间试验砌块实测最小压力＞60N，脉动压力波动<12N,砌块没有漂浮松动现象。填充碎石的孔内，碎石淘刷量为41%，砌块下的碎石垫层得到很好的保护作用。无填充碎石孔内受底部旋滚影响，孔内迎流面侧下垫层有1～2cm深的局部淘刷现象。
B型砌块还进行了坡面防冲试验，在1：1.5的斜坡面上保持了较好的稳定性，受岸边涌浪及顺流旋滚影响，砌块孔内有双向淘刷。淘刷碎石约占孔内碎石的50%，下垫面可以得到有效的保护，孔内碎石粒径为2～4cm。
C型砌块在水下水深0.5～0.6m，流速3.8～4.2m/s的条件下，依然保持了很好的整体稳定性。试验砌块最小压力的实测值＞4kg，脉动压力波动<1kg,砌块个别有微扬趋势，但未出现飘浮松动现象。全部填充碎石的孔内，受底部旋滚掏刷，迎流侧下方已见下垫层，个别底部有局部轻微掏刷，孔内碎石残留量为35%。
兄弟，不是我小气，我没分给啊，你觉得5分值多少就翻多少，我就把仅有的分给你。

Answer 1

2 mechanical characteristics analysis
Concrete blocks in the bottom of the impact is suspended bleaching, can pass in concrete blocks center bottom installation sensors monitor test-components basal pressure reflect. The 150mm on 100mm, 80mm and three different thickness of the simulated test block washout test.
A single block of concrete blocks (thick) water 150mm out tests show that when a single block of concrete linkage block into the water velocity 4m/s, and was quickly rolling out channels. This shows a single block of concrete blocks the flow velocity in 4m/s in the flood can stable. Only the concrete blocks, the interactions between occlusive keep as a whole, can have a strong resistance stability, protect the river levee and purpose.
According to the experimental observation data [4] see, when test channel flow in 3 ~ 45 m/s, 1, 2, 3 spot in the measurement of concrete is stable and fluctuating pressure fluctuations in upper difference is lesser, have great differences waveform. Here are two of the dynamic monitoring in measuring pressure variation process line, see figure 4 ~ figure 6.
Figure 4 shows, by the thickness of concrete blocks for 150mm on channel, no water at the bottom of the concrete blocks for the initial pressure 324N, basically equal concrete blocks of self-respect, initial pressure of large concrete interlocking blocks of different situation will install differences (mainly refers to the concrete blocks were measured with the surrounding concrete interlocking blocks bite, extrusion, friction etc.). When water comes, concrete block bottom pressure drop suddenly chain, mainly is the concrete blocks are submerged in water. After buoyancy In the experiments, the water concrete blocks on average about 100N inundate pressure, Under water, instantaneous pressure mechanism.in peak from the average range of ± 12N, statistical fluctuation pressure of variance σ 1 = 10.2, block a stable state.
Figure 5 shows, by the thickness of concrete blocks for 100mm, no water in the channels of concrete at the bottom of the initial pressure for 216N, also for concrete blocks are basically gravity. When water test, concrete block bottom pressure drop for chain of average pressure pulsation, about 60N pressure value of the range of ± 10N, statistics are variance σ 2 = 10.1.
Figure 6 visible from the blocks, concrete thickness of concrete blocks for 80mm, no water at the bottom of the initial pressure for 136N, i.e., the concrete blocks self-respect. When the concrete blocks water test at the bottom of the average pressure drop for 42N instantaneous fluctuation range, 11N ±. Pulse pressure for 3 σ are variance, this article 10.2 fluctuating pressure with the size of the main stream flow velocity and turbulence intensity and test-components weight.
A block in velocity 3.8-4.1 m/s, depth of 0.5 ~ 0.4 m, under the situation of keeping good stability. During a measurement, the test block water pressure pulsation of the minimum 80N >, < 10N pressure fluctuations, no floating loose phenomenon. Block hole by local rolling diameter filling gravels, (2) clean brushes 4cm ~ 30%, inadequate YuShi formation was 0.18 natural slope gradient under rubble cushion block, get good protection. If the filling sand size less than 2cm, not to protect mat layer.
Type B blocks in the depth of 0.5 ~ 0.6 m, velocity, 3.8-4.3 m/s conditions, remains a very good stability. During the actual water pressure test block > 60N, ripple minimum pressure fluctuations, no floating 12N < loose bricks. Fill the hole, rock rubble for clean brushes, blocks of rock under 41% cushion get good protection function. No filling gravels by rolling bottom hole, hole under the lateral flow surface meet cushion is 1 ~ 2cm deep local scour brush phenomenon.
Type B block also made slope protection test in 1, 5 slope surface, keep a good stability and downstream areas by the rolling in two-way, block pore clean brushes. Tao brush rubble about 50% of the rock hole underlaying surface, can effectively protect, gravel size hole for 2 ~ 4cm.
C blocks in the depth of the underwater 0.5 ~ 0.6 m, velocity 3.8 ~ 4.2 m/s conditions, remains a very good stability. The minimum pressure test block > measured 4kg, pulse pressure fluctuations < 1kg, block individual have slightly raises trend, but did not appear floating loose phenomenon. All of the filling gravels, bottom hole by rolling out, side brush flow has below under pad, individual bottom have mild local tao brush, hole gravel residues 35%

Answer 2

太多了，而且分少啊，兄弟，不好弄啊

Answer 3

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