Question

石油地质专业英语翻译，前面翻译得很好，非常感谢！但还有一些没翻译完，可不可以帮我再看看，感激不尽！

(a) Inertia-dominated effluent
High outflow velocities, deep water immediately seaward of the river mouth, and negligible density contrasts give rise to dominance by inertial forces, causing the effluent to spread and diffuse as a turbulent jet. This turbulent mass of sediment-laden water is tormed homopyenal; that is ,there is a uniformity in density between the effluent and ambient water body. Such a situation represents the simplest conditions of river mouth and sedimentation and was the basis for Gilbert’s classic deltaic model with topset, foreset, and bottomset components. These conditions are generally restricted to high gradient streams entering a deep lake or where tidal activity homogenizes the water masses, thereby destroying any gradients.
The primary sediment body is a lunate bar, convex seaward, with the coarsest sediment particles located landward of the bar crest. Low spreading angles of the turbulent jet restrict the lateral dispersion of sediment particles. The relief on the bar is low and a relatively sleep bar front is developed. Laboratory experiments have substantiated this model from the two-dimensional point of view.
(b) Bed friction-dominated out flow
In many river mouth environments, continual discharge of sediment causes substantial shoaling just beyond the mouth; in fact, it is common that depths in this area are a maximum of slightly less than in the outlet. The result is a lateral spreading of the effluent as a plane jet accompanied by shear between the outflow and the bottom with significant frictional effects. This is also a type of homopyeal flow , but requires only that density contrasts be climinated by marine processes (e.g., tides , waves ,currents).
As outflow occurs there is shoaling, but in this situation the lateral spreading is enhanced by the friction-induced deceleration. This in turn increase the shoaling rate and results in a divergence or bifurcation of the outflow, causing formation of a middle ground bar.
(c) Buoyant outflow
Most of the major rivers flow into marine waters. The density of fresh water is essentially 1.00g/cm3, whereas that of seawater is typically 1.026 to 1.028g/cm3. Even though these rivers carry a significant sediment load in suspension, the density of the sediment-laden water is rarely at or above the density of seawater. The result is that the river outflow “floats” on the ambient seawater due to the density contrast. This result called hypopycnal flow. Strong tidal influence and mixing caused by wave or current action may decrease this buoyant effect so that it is dominated by inertial or bottom friction flow. In rivers with high discharge rates or during flood stages of some rivers when outflow is strong, the buoyant effect is prominent. Rivers that experience small tides typically are characterized by a stratified circulation. Such is the case for the Mississippi, the Danube(Romania), and the Po(Italy ) Rivers.
没有积分了，能不能再帮我看看，真的非常感谢你！

Answer 1

(a)惯性主导的外流
高流速、深水立即流向河口和可忽略的密度差使惯性力（虽然字面上是惯性力，但惯性力这个用法我不能认可，唉……）处于主导地位,导致流出物像乱流一样扩散并弥漫。这混乱的充满沉积物的水变成等密度流;即流出物和环境水体密度相同。这种情况反映最简单的河口和沉降的情况，是Gilbert的具有顶积层、前积层和底积层的三角洲模型的基础。这种情况通常只在高梯度水流流入深湖或潮汐活动使水体均匀从而消灭一切梯度的情况下发生。
最初的沉淀体是一个向海的方向凸出的新月形的沙洲，最粗糙的颗粒处于沙洲陆地方向的顶部。乱流小的散布范围限制了沉淀粒子在侧面的散布。沙洲的立体感很低，同时一个相对成型的沙洲前沿形成。室内试验证实该模型来自二维观点。
(b)河床摩擦力主导的外流
在很多河口环境中，沉积物的不断沉积导致河口外产生浅水作用。事实上，通常在这个区域里水的深度比出水口最大深度略浅。这种情况的结果是流出物以平面射流及剪流的形式从侧面扩散且在流出物和河床间产生明显的摩擦作用。这也是等密度流的一类，但需要密度差被海洋过程（如潮汐，海浪，洋流）消除（你打错了，是eliminated）。
当外流发生时就出现浅水作用，但在这一情况下侧面扩散被摩擦力引起的减速增强了。这转而增强浅水作用的强度并导致外流产生分支，从而导致中等沙洲的形成。
(c)上浮的外流
大多数河流流入大海。淡水的密度是1克每立方厘米，而海水的通常是1.026到1.028克每立方厘米。尽管这些河流带着大量悬浮的颗粒，这带有沉淀物的水的密度仍仅仅达到或者低于海水的密度。结果是由于密度差河的流出物浮在海水之上。这一结果叫作低密度流。强潮汐的影响和由海浪或海流引起的混和可能减弱这种上浮效应从而使它被惯性或底部的摩擦流控制。在沉积速度快的河流中或河流处于洪水位导致的的强外流中，上浮效应是明显的。通常受弱海浪作用影响的河流具有分层流动的特点。密西西比河、多瑙河（罗马尼亚）和波河（意大利）的情况就是这类。

Answer 2

阳光创译翻译公司，专业石油类翻译公司， 可以到网站了解详情，谢谢！

Answer 3

(一)Inertia-dominated出水
高速度、深水立即外流河向口,忽略密度增加优势通过对比,使废水惯性力和扩散传播作为湍流射流。这种动荡的水是tormed泥沙homopyenal;也就是说,有一个统一的废水和环境之间的密度。这样一种情况的简单的条件,代表了河口和沉积的依据是吉尔伯特的经典模型,foreset topset三角洲,bottomset组件。这些条件的限制,通常是高梯度流进一个深湖或homogenizes潮汐活动的水,从而摧毁任何梯度群众。
就如身子是一个主要的沉积物lunate酒吧、凸蔼,位于外海的最初泥沙颗粒的酒吧。低扩散角的湍流射流限制横向扩散的泥沙颗粒。安全阀吧台上较低,相对睡觉。杠前端实验已经证实该模型从二维的观点。
从床上friction-dominated(b)的流动
在许多河口的环境,持续排放的泥沙造成重大通过只是口;事实上,它是最常见的深处,是这一领域的一个最大的略低于出口。结果是一个侧向传播的污水用作平面射流之间的陪同下,剪下有显著的外流摩擦效应。这也是一种homopyeal流动,但只需要被出售,以海相沉积为主,对比密度的过程(例如,潮汐波、流)。
作为外流,但有通过时,在这种情况下的侧向传播是增强friction-induced减速。这反过来又提高了利率,通过一个分歧或分岔的流出,导致形成一个折衷的酒吧。
(三)浮力流出
大部分的主要河流流入海洋水域。新鲜水的密度实质上是1.00g / cm3;而对1.028g海水是典型的10 / cm3。尽管这些河流沉积物中携带一个重要负荷的致密的停赛,泥沙水很少或以上的密度的海水。结果是,这条河上漂浮的“出口”由于周围的海水密度的对比。这个结果称hypopycnal流动。强烈的潮汐的影响、混合或电流作用造成波可减少这种高涨的效果,所以它支配惯性或底摩擦流动。在河流中排放率高的洪水分期或当流出江河强、浮力效果突出。河流,小潮汐典型经验是以分层的循环。情况就是如此,密西西比河,多瑙河(罗马尼亚),博(意大利)的河流。
采纳Ooo

Answer 4

建议楼主下载石油大典 对照不清楚的词汇看看会省很多事。
楼上的似乎随随便便用个翻译软件，却没在意专业的词汇与普通词汇有它特殊的含义。所以有点不通。