Question

独立主格是一个句子里有两个主语吗？求例句，求解析。

Answer 1

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Answer 2

独立主格结构，是由“名词或代词+现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语或副词短语”构成的一种独立结构。在该结构中，名词或代词与其后的部分构成逻辑上的主谓关系，用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子。在句中作状语，表示 “时间、条件、原因、伴随，方式或结果” 等含义。其位置比较灵活，放于句首句末均可。　　
1. 名词（代词）+ 现在分词　　
The clock striking twelve, I went to bed. （表原因）　　
These women having produced works of the highest quality, any survey of the 19th century English literature must include them. （表原因）　　
2. 名词（代词）+ 过去分词　　
He lay there on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast. （表伴随）　　
Enough time given, she will surely do the job better. （表条件）　　
3. 名词（代词）+ 不定式　　
Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month. （表伴随）　　
He proposed a picnic, he himself to pay for the railway tickets and John to provide the food. （表方式）　　
4. 名词（代词）+ 形容词短语　　
Her face pale with anger, she rose to go away. （表原因）　　
I saw a deep pond, the water blue like the sky. （表结果）　　
5. 名词（代词）+ 介词短语　　
Then, last night, I followed him here and climbed in, sword in hand. （表方式）　　
Child in arms, a few women stood there chatting. （表方式）　　
6. 名词（代词）+ 副词短语　　
Summer over, the students returned to school. （表原因）　　
7. 名词（代词）+ 名词短语　　
His first shot a failure, Tom fired again. （表原因）　　
8. with复合结构　　
“with复合结构”也是独立主格结构的一种，同样十分重要。在句中表示“原因，结果，伴随，方式”等情况。现把“with复合结构”的各种情况作一总结。　　
(1) with + 宾语 + 形容词　　
The children were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open. （表伴随）　　
(2) with + 宾语 + 介词短语　　
The old man used to take a walk with a stick in his hand. （表方式）　　
(3) with + 宾语 + 副词　　
The proud girl walked away with her head up. （表方式）　　
(4) with + 宾语 + 现在分词　　
Mary felt very shy with so many eyes looking at her. （表原因）　　
(5) with + 宾语 + 过去分词　　
If you sit looking away from a person, or with your back turned, you are saying you are not interested in that person. （表方式）　　
(6) with + 宾语 + 不定式　　
With too much work to do the next day, he felt anxious and didn’t sleep well. （表原因）　　
一般说来，with 复合结构放在句末多表示伴随状况；若放在句首，则多表示“原因”或“条件”，例如：　　
With her mother away from home, the little girl felt lonely. 由于她妈妈不在家，这个女孩感到很孤单。　　
With the guide leading the way, I had no difficulty finding their village. 因为向导带路，我没怎么费事就找到了他们的村子。　　
【特别提示】从上面的各种例句中可以看出，独立主格结构本身不是一个完整的句子，它实际上是一个含有逻辑主语的某种短语，用来修饰其它一个句子的。　　
1. 独立主格结构的转换　　
独立主格结构可以根据其语法作用，进行句式转换。例如：The clock striking twelve, I went to bed. 　　
①转换为状语从句：When the clock was striking twelve, I went to bed. 　　
②也可以转换成一个并列句：The clock stuck twelve and I went to bed.　　
2. 独立主格结构与冠词　　
在“名词+ 介词短语”独立主格结构中，如果逻辑主语和介词短语中的名词都是可数名词单数，这些名词前不要用冠词，目的为了更加简练。　　
He was standing over there, pipe in mouth.　　
Flag on shoulder, the soldier rushed to the top of the building.　　
但若与with连用，名词前则要加冠词或物主代词。如：　　
Then, last night, I followed him here and climbed in, with a sword in his hand.　　
3. 独立主格结构中being 的省略　　
在下列句子中，being 可以省略，若不省略，则是现在分词短语。　　
Summer (being) over, the students returned to school.　　
His first shot (being) a failure, Tom fired again.　　
Her face (being) pale with anger, she rose to go away.

Answer 3

独立主格结构的功能
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如：
1) 表示时间
The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。
2） 表示条件
The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。
3） 表示原因
There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。
He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。
4） 表示伴随情况
Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)
常见的独立主格结构有如下几种：
1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如：
The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。
2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如：
The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。
Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn”t see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。
3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如：
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。
4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。如：
An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
5. 名词/主格代词+副词。如：
He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。
The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。
6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语。如：
The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。
7. There being +名词（代词）如：
There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。
8. It being +名词（代词）如：
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。
独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后，我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
注：独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with。
如：Don’t sleep with the windows open. 别开着窗睡觉。
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。
She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿着一本书走了进来。
He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。
He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。

Answer 4

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