Question

定语从句引导词that和which的区别

Answer 1

that在定语从句和宾语从句中都不是万能的，它在定语从句中既可作主语，也可以作宾语，既可指人，也可以指物，其用法如下：
1. 先行词为疑问词who或which时，限制性定语从句的关系代词只能用that引导。
Who that has seen the photos of starving children doesn't want to help them?
那些看见过饥饿小孩的照片的人有谁不想要帮助他们呢？
Who that you have seen can beat him in chess?
你看过有谁能在棋艺上打败他？
Which was the bag that you left on the train?
哪一个是你忘在火车上的包呢？
2. 但先行词为that、those时，定语从句只能用who、which来引导。
What's that which you asked for?
你要的是什么？
Chance favors only those who know how to court her.
机会只会青睐那些懂得如何掌握它的人。
3. 关系代词紧接在介系词后面时，不能用who或that，只能用宾格的which或whom（即关系代词该用谁就用谁）。
The woman of whom you are speaking is our principal.
你提到的那位女士，是我们的校长。
The train for which I am waiting is now half an hour late.
我等的那班火车目前已经迟了半小时了。
This is the new desk, the book on which is hers.
这是新桌子，桌子上的书是她的。
4. 如果先行词是不定代词，关系代词只能用that。
All that students have to do is study hard.
学生们必须做的事情就是用功读书。
Does "whisper" mean saying something that is not clear?
whisper的意思是说一些听不清楚的话吗？
She hates everything that is modern.
她恨任何现代的东西。
I won't go to any university or college that is located in the suburbs.
我不会考任何在郊区的大学。
5. 如果先行词前出现了形容词最高级、the only、the very、the same和序数词，引导限制性定语从句的关系代词只能用that。
He is the only person that was present at the time.
他是那时唯一在场的人。
Today is the coldest day that we have experienced.
今天是我们经历过的最寒冷的一天。
Is this the very first aerobics class that you have ever attended?
这是你上的第一次有氧运动课吗？
The last thing that I want to do is to learn English.
我最不愿意做的事情就是学英语。
6. 在非限制性定语从句中，则不能用that，而要用who或which，作宾语用的代词也不省略，which引导的定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句。
I, who am your best friend, will certainly help you.
我是你最好的朋友，肯定会帮助你。
My father fell ill on May 2, 2010, which ended my dream to go to college.
我父亲于2010年5月2日突然生病，使我的大学梦想结束。
I told him to go to a doctor, which advice he took.
我叫他去看医生，他听取了我的劝告。
She is studying English, which language is very important in the twenty-first century.
她在学英语，这门语言在21世纪很重要。
James was seriously sick, which she didn't know.
詹姆斯病得很重，她并不知道。
They thought him dull, which he wasn't.
他们认为他很笨，但实际上他并不笨。
希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。

Answer 2

首先,that可指人和物,which则一般指物.,在限定性定语从句中两者的区别不大,但在非限定性定语从句中有以下区别：
一、以下情况不能用that,只能用which：1、在非限定性定语从句中,逗号之后不能用that；2、介词后面不能用that.
二、以下情况不能用which,只能用that：
1、前面的先行词是不定代词时,如 all ,anything ,nothing,the one 等；
2、如果先行词出现了the only ,the very 时；
3、如果先行词出现了序数词和形容词最高级时；
4、如果先行词中既有人又有物时,如：They are talking about the school and the teachers that they visited yesterday.