Question

英语中语法那么多那一条最重要？

Answer 1

英语语法的确很多，但并非死记硬背方能掌握，英语中最重要的语法是“任何一个句子中只有一套主谓结构”。 不错，在简单句中他是成立的，但是在复合句中，以及在有状语和非谓语动词的长句中同样适用： 简单句就是指只含有一个主谓结构的句子。简单句中有五种常见的基本结构，而且在实际运用的过程中，我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。如(划线部分都是句子的附加成份)： He worked hard all his life. (划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词worked) He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. (划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词student) Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother. (划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子) 并列句就是由并列连词所连接起来的两个简单句。常用的并列连词有：and, or, but, so, while, when等。and用作并列连词，连接两个并列句时，可表示并列关系、递进关系、因果关系。or可以表示并列关系，也可表示因果关系，but表示转折关系，so可表示因果关系。while可表示比较或对比，when 则表示时间，相当于and at that time(就在那时)。如： Work hard, and you will succeed. (and表示因果关系) Hurry up, or you will be late for the film. (or表示因果关系) He is old, but he still works as hard as young people. (but表示转折关系) Mr. Li is generous and outgoing, so we all get on well with him. (so表示因果关系) I earn only 50 dollars a week, while she earns 80 dollars. 我一个星期只赚50美元，而她却赚80美元。(while表示比较、对比) I was going to leave home when the telephone rang. (when表示时间，相当于and at that time) 复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。常见的从句有：定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等。从句部分一般都有引导词引导这个从句。如： As is known to all, China is getting more and more powerful. (As 引导一个定语从句) What he says doesn’t suit what he does. (本句包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是一个主语从句；what he does 是一个宾语从句) Where there is a will, there is a way. (Where引导一个表地点的英语句子) 两类典型的错误： 英文资料 Fragments: Parts of a sentence that are disconnected from the main clause are called fragments. Example: Incorrect: “We saw the doctor at the party. And his nurse.” Correct: “We saw the doctor and his nurse at the party.” Incorrect: Often visible as smog,ozone, formed in the atmosphere when hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, two major pollutants emitted by automobiles, react with sunlight. Correct: Often visible as smog, ozone is formed in the atmosphere when hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, two major pollutants emitted by automobiles, react with sunlight. Run-on sentences: A run-on sentence is two independent clauses that run together without proper punctuation. Examples: Incorrect: “Jose Canseco is still a feared batter most pitchers don’t want to face him.” Correct: “Jose Canseco is still a feared batter, most pitchers don’t want to face him.” Incorrect: The original building and loan associations were organized as limited life funds, whose members made monthly payments on their share subscriptions and then took turns, they drew on the funds for home mortgages. Correct: The original building and loan associations were organized as limited life funds, whose members made monthly payments on their share subscriptions and then took turns drawing on the funds for home mortgages. 中文资料 一、 句子不完整（Sentence Fragments） 在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清。 例： There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio, newspaper and so on. 剖析：本句后半部分"for example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on."，不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句。 改为：There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper. 二、 不间断句子(Run-on Sentences) 什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。 例： There are many ways we get to know the outside world. 剖析：这个句子包含了两个完整的句子：“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。又没有连词相连，而是简单地把它们放在一起，这就不允许了。 改为： There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或： There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.状语从句) There are many types of businesses in a free-market economy. 用了这么多，只是想说英语里至少在我看来最重要、最基本的一个语法规则，这个规则我用一句虽然不严谨(补充说明很严谨)但很容易记忆掌握的语言来表达： 任何一个英语句子，有且只能有一个主谓结构。也即，任何一个正确完整的句子有且只有一个主语，一个谓语。 一个句子如果缺少主语或谓语，那就是fragment错误；如果有多个谓语或主谓结构，那就是run-on错误。 补充说明： (1) 存在没有主语的句子。如祈使句，或省略句，但除此之外，并无例外； (2) 存在没有谓语，甚至没有主谓的句子，但这一定是省略句； (3) 复合句中，可以有多个主谓结构，但只能有一个主主谓结构，也就是只能有一个主谓结构是句子的主干成份，其他的主谓结构一定有连接词或引导词与主句相连，构成主句的一个组成部分； (4) 并列句中，可以有多个主主谓结构，但句子与句子之间，一定要有and等连词连接； (5) 一个句子的主语可以有几个部分组成，但这几个部分之间，一定要有连词连接，谓语、宾语也一样； (6) 对于一切从句，也要符合这个原则。