Question

请求英语高手解答分析一下句子成分

1.This place, at a bend in a long lake, was flanked by high cliffs on the peaks of which grew small bamboos, an enchanting emerald the whole year round.
2.Now in deepening darkness was falling, the cliffs were becoming barely invisible,only their silhouettes were outlined against the faintly glimmering sky.
3.What we could make out in the dusk, though, was amazing—high up the cliff ,thousands of hundred feet above the water, was a cluster of houses on stilts.
4.So the place, besides being attractive, provided distractions.

①第一句的 high cliffs on the peaks of which，这个of which是什么成分，是什么意思，为什么会这样用呢
②第二句的only their silhouettes were outlined against中的against是固定搭配吗，这个against在这里为什么会这样用呢
③第三句的high up the cliff ,thousands of hundred feet above the water, was a cluster of houses on stilts.这一部分每个分句的成分是什么呢，哪个是主干部分，是不是有省略了？
④能不能分析第四句这个句子中的每个成分，特别是besides being attractive，做什么成分？

Answer 1

1、of which是引导一个定语从句，且引导词在句中做主语，先行词是high cliffs，of which表示与先行词之间的所属关系(通俗说就是"先行词"的......)。

如果还难以理解，那就把先行词代入which那个地方去理解，可能比较容易，可以看看例子。

例如：He has a lot of story-books, a few of which I have never read. 

(先行词是story-books，a few of which理解为a few of story-books“故事书”的几本，加以修饰就可以说成几本故事书)

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2、outline...against...不是固定搭配，这个是联系上下文语境意思。

only their silhouettes were outlined（against the faintly glimmering sky）.

括号内是方式状语，说明outline所用的方式 。

against：以…为背景；衬托；相映；对照

silhouettes were outlined against the faintly glimmering sky.

轮廓以微光闪烁的天空为背景被勾勒出来。(因为这样翻译有些啰嗦，所以很多翻译是缩译了，就没有把"以...为背景"这几个字体现出来。)

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3、没省略。

从句：What we could make out in the dusk, though, was amazing—high up the cliff ,thousands of hundred feet above the water

what引导一个主语从句。What we could make out in the dusk是从句主语；was是系动词；amazing是形容词做表语；从“—”就可以知道破折号后面是补充说明的成分啦。)

主句：主语从句+was a cluster of houses on stilts

(此处的主语就是前面那个主语从句；was是系动词；houses是表语；a cluster of是houses的修饰词；on stilts是状语)

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4、So(连词)the place(主语)，besides being attractive(插入语), provided(谓语)distractions(宾语).

因此，这个地方除了吸引人之外，还让人分心。

being attractive这里是用到非谓语动词，它的逻辑主语是the place所以用ing形式。

(关于非谓语动词的知识点你可以上网查一下，因为非谓语动词是重难点，一时半会没办法说完)

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Answer 2

个人理解：
1. of which 指的是high cliffs，所以是定语，修饰high cliffs. 为啥会这样用就是个人喜好了，我觉得。

2. 应该算是固定搭配，be outlined against

3.这算是另一句了吧，句子到amazing算是结束了，后面只是针对这amazing做出描述，但句子是独立的。

4.个人理解besides也算是定语，主干就是The place provides distractions。

纯属个人理解

Answer 3

关于3的理解，句子的主干如下：
What we could make out in the dusk, though, was amazing high, was a cluster of houses on stilts.
--high up the cliff ,thousands of hundred feet above the water，用于插入强调怎么"high"。
关于4的理解：
So the place provided distractions，besides being attractive. 应该是写作技巧，把attractive提前。或者是作者为了炫技。:-)

Answer 4

第一句，of which是the peaks的定语，on the peaks of which相当于on whose peaks，注意，用whose的时候，要放在名词peaks的前面，不用定冠词。
第二句，against是介词，表示“对着”的意思。
第三句是一个倒装句，当表示地点的介词短语放在句首的时候，句子一定要用完全倒装，be动词或一般动词都要放在主语的前面。
第四句，主语是the place，谓语为provided，distractions为宾语，而besides being attractive是状语，besides是表示“除……之外”，是加上去的概念。

Answer 5

回答如下：

1. of which…是定语从句，修饰前面的peaks。用of which，是要强“其中”一些山峰上长着竹子。
2. 这两个词不是固定搭配。against，相当于根据/按照
3. 这是个倒装结构，high up the cliff是表语，提前了。a cluster…是主语。
4. 这个还是你自己来吧。