(4) 书上答案错误, 不满足 y(0) = 1,
另外 ln |cos(x+ kπ)| = ln |±cosx| = ln|cosx|。
修订我的答题过程为:
令 y' = p, 则微分方程化为 p' = 1+p^2,
dp/(1+p^2) = dx , arctanp = x+C1, p = tan(x+C1)
y'(0) = p(0) = 0 代入, 得 tanC1 = 0, C1 = kπ, k = 0, ±1, ±2, ...
y' = p = tan(x+kπ) = tanx , y = - ln |cosx| + C ,
y(0) = 1 代入 C = 1, 则 y = - ln |cosx| + 1.