英语中定语从句的先行词不是名词或者代词吗?为什么有些是介词短语呢?
定语从句的先行词一定位于从句之前,并且通常情况下紧挨着引导从句的引导词或者叫关系词;但是也有少数情况下为了不引起歧义,在先行词和关系词之间会插入状语。
第一个句子:名词短语the top of the hill是先行词,所以由关系副词where引导的非限定性定语从句where I could see half of the city是用来补充说明the top of the hill的。中间的near my home是插入的地点状语简单修饰下hill的大概位置。
第二个句子同理:先行词是his stay,由关系代词which引导的非限定性定语从句which he was studying Chinese in a university是用来补充说明his stay的。中间的in Beijing是插入的地点状语简单修饰说明where he was staying.
类似这样的句子还有:
I like the school very much which I have studied in for 3 years.
very much是插入在先行词the school和which引导的限定性定语从句which I have studied in for 3 years之间的程度副词。
这是我刚才自己研究明白的。
如果有不对的地方,还望指正。
第二个句子本身是错的,不能用which,单独用which是要充当主语或宾语的,he was studying Chinese in a university 这里主谓宾齐全,非要用which要在前面+during,变成during which,要么直接用when。非限定性定语从句的先行词可以由短语或整个句子充当。这里应该是during his stay。
你可以去百度一下的你的句子,出问题了,我看到的是I made friends with Tom during his stay in Beijing, when(或者during which ) he was studying Chinese in a university there. 这个应该才是正确的。
第一个句子中, 出现的介词短语near my home其实是对the top of the hill负责,the top of the hill才是中心词,所以the top of the hill才是先行词。
第二个句子中, during his stay 和 in Beijing 两个介词短语,我们可以先假设先行词是in Beijing,带入从句中会发现意思会有重复, 其实句子中的there 已经指代了in Beijing, 所以先行词只能是during his stay。
两个句子的讲解其实代表了两种思路,一种是能直接看出介词短语真正对谁负责,如果看不出可以用代入法排除。
这里再举两个例子理解非限制性定语从句
限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也可以是短语或句子;另外,当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时,通常要用非限制性定语从句,而不用限制性定语从句。
如: Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)
He changed his mind, which made me very angry.他改变了主意,这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)
2018-11-09
定语从句有两类引导词---连接代词和连接副词。
where是连接副词,相当于介词+地点。
第二个which应该是指代前面那件事,既指代整个句子。
onesmart。