英语被动语态

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少盐刮油c0
2022-07-23 · TA获得超过5510个赞
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主动语态与被动语态的区别:
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态
例:He killed her(他杀了她)
主语是动作的接受者为被动语态
例:She was killed by him(她被他杀了)
被动语态的形成
在16种时态中,有几种时态没有或无法形成被动语态,因此现代英语中常用的被动语态只有10种,如下图:

分别举例说明:
一般时的被动语态
一般现在时的被动语态:主语 + be/is/sre + p.p(动词的过去分词,下同)
例:He is lovedby everyone.(他受到大家的爱戴)
例:I am askedto study hard.(我被要求努力学习)
一般过去时的被动语态:主语 + was + P.P
例:The book was written by him.(这本书是他写的)
例:He was seen dancing yesterday.(他昨天跳舞被看到了)
一般将来时的被动语态:主语 + will be +P.P
例:The naughty boy will be punished by his mother.(这个顽皮的男孩会被他妈妈惩罚)
例:He will be elected president next year.(下一年他将会被选为主席)
一般过去将来时的被动语态:主语 + would be + P.P
例:He said he would be dispatched to Syria.(他说他会被派遣到叙利亚)

进行时的被动语态
现在进行时的被动语态:主语 + be/is/are being + P.P
例:Prisoners are being judged.(犯人正在被审判)
例:My bike is being repaired. (我的自行车正在修理当中)
过去进行时的被动语态:主语 + was/were being + P.P
例:The stadium was being built that time.(那时体育场正在建设当中)

完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态:主语 + have/has been + P.P
例:This book has been translated into many languages.(这本书被翻译成很多语言)
过去完成时的被动语态:主语 + had been + P.P
例:The hostages had been released when police arrived(警察到时人质已经被释放了)
将来完成时的被动语态:主语 + will + have been + P.P
例:He will have been judged by the time you arrived.

过去将来完成时的被动语态:主语 + would have been + P.P
例:I said that some delicious sandwiches would have been made by the time we got back.(我说了我们回来时美味的三明治已经做好了)
注意:
① 带有助动词的句子转化为被动语态时,这些助动词或情态动词要根据新主语做相应的变化,例:
主动:We shall not use the washing machine again.
被动:The washing machine will not be used again.
(洗衣机不能再用了)
② 带有双宾语的授予动词,其被动语态有两种,当直接宾语作为主语时,间接宾语前面加上相应的介词(to/for/of/on)。例:
I gave him a book. (主动)
He was given a book by me. (被动)
A book was given to him by me.(被动)
(我给了他一本书)

那么什么情况下使用被动语态呢?
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