Question

请问英语时态有哪些？请详细说明在句中的用法！

Answer 1

英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。）
（1）一般现在时
基本形式（以do为例）：
第三人称单数：does（主语为非第三人称单数）； 肯定句：主语＋动词原形＋其他； He works for us.
否定句：主语＋don„t/doesn't＋动词原形＋其他； He doesn't work for us.
一般疑问句：Do/Does＋主语＋动词原形＋其他。 肯定回答：Yes，（＋ 主语＋do/does）． 否定回答：No，（＋主语＋don't/doesn't.） 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语 Does he work for us? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't
What does he do for us? He works for us.
（2）一般过去时
be动词＋行为动词的过去式
否定句式：在行为动词前加didn„t，同时还原行为动词，或was／were＋not； was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词 例如： Did he work for us? He didn't work for us. He worked for us.
（3）一般将来时
am／are／is＋going to＋do 或 will／shall＋do
am/is/are/about to + do am/is/are to + do; 一般将来时的表达方法 be going to +动词原形
be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to ＋动词原形

be able to +不定式 be about to+动词原形 will + 动词原形；
例如：He is going to work for us. He will work for us；
He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时 表达 将来时态 的例子！！
(4)过去将来时
be（was，were）going to+动词原形 be（was，were）about to+动词原形 be（was，were）to+动词原形
肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形～. 否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形～. 疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形～？ 肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形～. 否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形～. 疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形～？ He would work for us.
(5)现在进行时
主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词) 表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。 例如：I am buying a book. 第一人称+am+doing+sth
第二人称+are+doing +sth （doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式） 第三人称+is+doing+sth 例：He is working.
(6)过去进行时
肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它 否定句：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 ；答语：Yes,I主语+was/were./No,I主语+wasn't/weren't.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它 He was working when he was alive.
(7)将来进行时
主语+will + be +现在分词

He will be working for us.=He will work for us.
(8)过去将来进行时
should(would)+be+现在分词
He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.
(9)现在完成时
基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他\ He has worked for us for ten years. Has he worked for us for ten years.
(10)过去完成时
基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had 否定回答：No,主语+hadn't
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（had+主语+过去分词+其他） 语法判定:
（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如：
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：
We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如：
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
(11)将来完成时
（shall）will+have+动词过去分词 before+将来时间或by+将来时间
before或by the time引导的现在时的从句
He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.
(12)过去将来完成时
should / would have done sth.
He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.
(13)现在完成进行时
基本与现在完成时相同，但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念 have/has been +-ing 分词
He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years.
(14)过去完成进行时
had been +-ing 分词
He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.
(15)将来完成进行时
主语+ shall/will have been doing
He will have been working for us.=He will work for us.
翻译为：他最近一直在为我们工作（过去在工作，现在在工作，将来还会工作）
(16)过去将来完成进行时
should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称 would have been+现在分词用于其他人称
He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for us.

英语中有12个主要时态，都来自于三时（过去、现在、将来） 现在以I listen为例，举例英语中有12个主要时态如下所示：
一般现在时：I listen
现在进行时：I am listening
过去进行时：I was listening
现在完成时：I have listened
现在完成进行时：I have been listening
一般将来时：I shall listen”或“I will listen.”
将来进行时：I shall be listening