Question

请大家帮忙翻译一段化工专业文献！！

In recent decades, the development and utilization of naturalpolymer have been attracted increasingly because of the consumptionand over-exploitation of non-renewable resources. Cellulose whichconsists of β-(1→4)-linked glucose repeating units is the largestrenewable biological resources [1–3], it has been widely used in
industrial domains such as fiber, paper, polymer, textile and foodindustries [4–6]. However, natural cellulose is high crystalloid, stronginter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding caused by the hydroxygroups and insoluble in water and common organic solvents, theseproperties affect their development and utilization. Therefore, theresearch and development of new fiber with green solvent systems, inparticular, which the homogeneous reaction of cellulose derivativecan occur in cellulose solvents, become a hotspot [5–8].

Due to their biodegradability [9] and low toxicity [10,11], Ionicliquids are considered as potential substitute of environmentfriendlygreen solvent in sustainable process [12]. Besides, comparedwith volatile organic solvents, ionic liquids have optimized the
compound characteristics: a broader selection of anion and cationcombinations [13], lower hydrophobicity [14,15], lower viscosity[16,17], enhanced electrochemical stability [18] and thermal stability[19], and the higher reaction rates whichmay lead to greater amountof output [20] and non-flammable property. Consequently, ionic
liquids have been employed with increasing industrial interests [21].Applications in various fields including chemical reaction [22,23],electrochemical [24–27], inorganic nanomaterials [28–31], segregationanalysis [32–35] and food industry [36], have been attractingmore extensive attention.
In 2002, Rogers et al. [37] found that cellulose could be dissolved inionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole chloride ([C4mim]C1), which opened up a new way for the development of a class of cellulose solvent systems. In recent years, ionic liquids have began to be used in cellulose materials processing, studies on the dissolution of cellulose and the homogeneous derivative and modification of cellulose?materials such as paper, fiber have published in newspapers and otherperiodicals, but number was relatively rare. This paper reviews thedissolution and functional modification of cellulose in ionic liquids inorder to promote the research and application of ionic liquids in cellulose materials.&?4

Answer 1

在近几十年，由于不可再生资源的过度开发和消费，天然聚合物的发展和利用已经越来越引起关注。包含着β-(1→4)葡萄糖重复单位的纤维素是最大的生物资源[1-3]，它已经被广泛地使用于工业领域，比如纤维，造纸，纺织和食品工业[4-6]。然而，天然的纤维素是高结晶状的，由羟基组导致的强大的分子内和分子间的氢键使得纤维素不溶于水和一般的有机溶剂，这些性能影响了它们的发展和利用。因此，研究和发展能溶于环保溶剂，特别是能均相反应的纤维素衍生物成为了一个热点[5–8].

由于离子溶液的可降解性和低毒性，他们被认为是可持续进程中有潜质的环保溶剂。此外，与有挥发性的溶剂相比，离子液体充分利用了混合性的特征：广泛地融合阴离子和阳离子[13], 更低的疏水性，低粘度，更高的的电化稳定性和热稳定性，以及不易燃的特性。因此，离子液体越来越多地被工业领域所利用，其中包括化学反应，电子化学，无机纳米材料，分离分析和食品工业，这些已经引起更加广泛的注意。

在2002年，罗杰斯发现纤维素可以溶于一种离子液体，即1-丁基-3-甲基聚氯化物([C4mim]C1), 这一发现打开了纤维素溶剂体系发展的新方法。在近几年来，离子溶液开始被用于纤维材料加工，纤维素溶解的研究，纤维素的同种衍生物和化学改性研究中，但是数量相当有限。这篇论文回顾了纤维素在离子溶液中的溶解和功能改性，目的是为了促进离子溶液在纤维素材料领域的研究和应用….

Answer 2

近几十年来，开发和利用的naturalpolymer吸引了越来越多因consumptionand过度不可再生资源的开发。纤维素whichconsistsβ-（1→4）-葡萄糖的重复单元连接是largestrenewable生物资源[1-3]，它已被广泛应用于如纤维，纸张，聚合物，纺织品和foodindustries工业领域[4-6]。然而，自然是高纤维素晶体，stronginter和分子内氢键的hydroxygroups和水，不溶于普通有机溶剂造成的，theseproperties影响其开发和利用。因此，theresearch和绿色溶剂体系，inparticular，其中纤维素derivativecan均相反应溶剂的纤维素纤维发生新的发展，成为一个研究热点[5-8]。 由于其生物降解性[9]和低毒性[10,11]，Ionicliquids是作为environmentfriendlygreen可持续的溶剂[12]可能取代考虑。此外，comparedwith挥发性有机溶剂，离子液体具有优化复合特点：负离子更广泛的选择和cationcombinations [13]，降低疏水性[14,15]，降低粘度[16,17]，增强电化学稳定[18]和热稳定性[19]，具有较高的反应速率whichmay铅更大的amountof输出[20]和非易燃的财产。因此，离子液体已与工业利益增加就业[21]。化学反应，包括各个领域的应用[22,23]，电化学[24-27]，无机纳米材料[28-31]，segregationanalysis [32-35]，食品等行业[ 36]，已attractingmore广泛关注。2002年，罗杰斯等人。 [37]发现，纤维素可溶于inionic液体1 -丁基- 3 -甲基咪唑氯化物（[C4mim] C1）的，它开辟了一类纤维素溶剂体系发展的新途径。近年来，离子液体也开始在处理纤维素材料，对纤维素溶解，均质纤维素衍生物和修改？材料，如纸张，纤维的研究已经刊登在报纸和otherperiodicals，但数量相对稀少。本文回顾thedissolution序和离子液体在纤维素功能修改，以促进纤维素的研究和应用材料的离子液体。＆？4