求积分 ∫ √x²-9 / x dx
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具体回答如下:
∫√x²-9/x²dx
=∫3tant/(3sect)^2 d3sect
=∫tant /(sect)^2 sect tant dt
=∫ (sint)^2 /cost dt
=∫(sint)^2/(cost)^2 dsint
令z=sint,则
=∫z^2/(1-z^2) dz
= ∫-1 dz -∫1/(1-z^2)dz
=-z +0.5∫(1/(1-z) -1/(1+z)dz
=z+0.5ln[(1-z)/(1+z)] +C
扩展资料:
对于一个函数f,如果在闭区间[a,b]上,无论怎样进行取样分割,只要它的子区间长度最大值足够小,函数f的黎曼和都会趋向于一个确定的值S,那么f在闭区间[a,b]上的黎曼积分存在,并且定义为黎曼和的极限S。这时候称函数f为黎曼可积的。
积分都满足一些基本的性质。 在黎曼积分意义上表示一个区间,在勒贝格积分意义下表示一个可测集合。如果一个函数f可积,那么它乘以一个常数后仍然可积。如果函数f和g可积,那么它们的和与差也可积。
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integral sqrt(x^2 - 9)/x dx = sqrt(x^2 - 9) + 3 tan^(-1)(3/sqrt(x^2 - 9)) + constant
Take the integral:
integral sqrt(x^2 - 9)/x dx
For the integrand sqrt(x^2 - 9)/x, substitute x = 3 sec(u) and dx = 3 tan(u) sec(u) du. Then sqrt(x^2 - 9) = sqrt(9 sec^2(u) - 9) = 3 tan(u) and u = sec^(-1)(x/3):
= 3 integral tan^2(u) du
Write tan^2(u) as sec^2(u) - 1:
= 3 integral(sec^2(u) - 1) du
Integrate the sum term by term and factor out constants:
= 3 integral sec^2(u) du - 3 integral1 du
The integral of sec^2(u) is tan(u):
= 3 tan(u) - 3 integral1 du
The integral of 1 is u:
= 3 tan(u) - 3 u + constant
Substitute back for u = sec^(-1)(x/3):
= 3 tan(sec^(-1)(x/3)) - 3 sec^(-1)(x/3) + constant
Simplify using tan(sec^(-1)(z)) = sqrt(1 - 1/z^2) z:
= sqrt(x^2 - 9) - 3 sec^(-1)(x/3) + constant
Which is equivalent for restricted x values to:
Answer: |
| = sqrt(x^2 - 9) + 3 tan^(-1)(3/sqrt(x^2 - 9)) + constant
Take the integral:
integral sqrt(x^2 - 9)/x dx
For the integrand sqrt(x^2 - 9)/x, substitute x = 3 sec(u) and dx = 3 tan(u) sec(u) du. Then sqrt(x^2 - 9) = sqrt(9 sec^2(u) - 9) = 3 tan(u) and u = sec^(-1)(x/3):
= 3 integral tan^2(u) du
Write tan^2(u) as sec^2(u) - 1:
= 3 integral(sec^2(u) - 1) du
Integrate the sum term by term and factor out constants:
= 3 integral sec^2(u) du - 3 integral1 du
The integral of sec^2(u) is tan(u):
= 3 tan(u) - 3 integral1 du
The integral of 1 is u:
= 3 tan(u) - 3 u + constant
Substitute back for u = sec^(-1)(x/3):
= 3 tan(sec^(-1)(x/3)) - 3 sec^(-1)(x/3) + constant
Simplify using tan(sec^(-1)(z)) = sqrt(1 - 1/z^2) z:
= sqrt(x^2 - 9) - 3 sec^(-1)(x/3) + constant
Which is equivalent for restricted x values to:
Answer: |
| = sqrt(x^2 - 9) + 3 tan^(-1)(3/sqrt(x^2 - 9)) + constant
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