Question

求英语达人翻译下

22 (BOD5 ) The biological oxygen demand.
The test determines the fraction of waste which is biologically oxidizable by a 5-day incubation using an adapted inoculum.
23 There are many impurities in petrochemical or refinery wastewaters which must be removed or altered using pre-or primary treatment processes before subsequent secondary treatment operations can be considered.
24 Excessive concentrations of suspended solids discharged directly to secondary biological processes normally decrease overall process efficiency, either by reducing the active biological-solids fraction or by adversely affecting the sludge recycle and wastewater contact systems.
25 As a consequence（因而、所以）, gravity sedimentation or flotation units are used to reduce suspended materials. The removal of suspended or colloidal materials （胶体物质） often can be enhanced by applying chemical coagulation in conjunction with（与---连同） sedimentation or flotation.
26 The removal of oil or grease by gravity separation is required in many instances as these contaminants have a deleterious effect on most secondary and tertiary treatment processes. Since free oils are easier to remove when the concentration is high, oily waste streams generally should flow through gravity separators prior to dilution with nonoily waste streams. Adding chemicals is often required to enhance separation, particularly when emulsions（乳浊液） are present.
27 Extreme acidity（酸）or alkalinity（碱） must be neutralized before most secondary treatment processes can be properly applied. Although a biological system provides some buffering capacity, the presence of free mineral acidity or excessive alkalinity in wastewaters dictates（指定）a specific neutralization step.
28 Extreme variations in organic loadings as well as discharges of various organic and inorganic constituents can have an adverse effect on the operation and efficiency of primary, secondary, or tertiary treatment processes. Fluctuations（波动)in hydraulic loadings(水力负荷)have a similar effect. When such conditions are anticipated, equalization （平衡） and surge（波动、冲击） facilities are required.
29 Specific anions such as sulfides or chlorides affect various unit processes in a variety of ways. For example, high chloride concentrations alter biochemical reactions and adversely affect the gravity separation of biological sludges. Toxic or bio-static effects（生物静力学的)of inorganic constituents such as ammonia or heavy metals or organic compounds such as phenols are well documented（有许多资料证明）and the presence of such materials often necessitates pre-or primary treatment steps. 有高分相赠

Answer 1

22（BOD5）生化需氧量。
试验确定的一小部分在生物学上是完全oxidizable身上,由一个5天的孵化采用接种物。
23有许多杂质在石油化工或炼油污水,必须删除或改变之前pre-or主要处理工艺采用二次处理后续操作可以被考虑。
24浓度过高的直接排放悬浮固体物中生物过程的效率,整个过程通常也减少biological-solids分数降低活跃或影响污泥回收和废水联系系统。
25因此(因而,所以)、重力沉降或浮选单元用于降低悬浮物质。除去暂停或胶体材料(胶体物质)往往能增强应用化学凝固会同(与——-连同)沉淀或服务。
26除去油或油脂通过重力选矿要求在许多情况下,这些污染物有不良影响在大多数二、三处理工艺。从自由精油也更容易拆卸当浓度高、油性垃圾的一般应流过前与重力分离器垃圾的nonoily稀释。添加化学品经常要提高分离,尤其是当乳剂(乳浊液)是在场的。
27极端的酸味(酸)或碱性(碱)必须中和之前,大多数二次处理工艺都能得到很好的应用。虽然生物系统提供一些缓冲能力,现有的自由矿产酸性或碱性过多在废水(指定)一特定要求中和一步。
28极端变化在有机载荷以及各种无机、有机排放有不利影响的选民能运作和效率的小学、中学、或大专处理工艺。(波动)波动(水力负荷液压加载下)具有相同效果。当这些条件的预期,均衡(平衡)及喘振(波动,冲击)设施是必要的。
29具体阴离子如硫化物或氯采行单元处理以各种不同的方式。例如,高氯浓度改变生化反应和影响的生物污泥重力分离。有毒bio-static效应(生物静力学的)无机成分如氨或重金属或有机化合物已被证明是酚类(有许多资料证明)和在场的这种材料经常需要pre-or一级处理步骤

Answer 2

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Answer 3

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