Question

急求高手帮忙翻译成英文~翻译器翻译的就免了~多谢~

现今，做为一种结算方式，信用证对国际贸易作出了相当大的贡献。但是，随着信息技术和办公技术的快速发展，本应以诚信为基础的交易，利用信用证交易原则的信用证欺诈却频繁的发生。信用证交易也由于独立抽象性原则的特性，使得欺诈的危险尚存。
本研究的目的，是研究信用证的特性，继而通过对中国相关判例的研究，分析中国信用证适用的几点问题。
由于信用证欺诈的不断增加，使得国家、企业受到了很大的损失。国家为了防止这样的欺诈，实施了各种遏制欺诈的措施。通过对中国信用证欺诈案例的分析发现，一般情况下是 开证申请人在偿还银行贷款后，为了阻止受益人领取货款，由开证申请人提起诉讼的。
首先，以本研究的研究动机为中心，提出研究目的以及研究方法。继而对本文的研究范围进行阐述。其次，对信用证的特征，即信用证的独立抽象性原则、文件交易原则、严格一致原则进行观察，分析信用证的缺陷，继而对信用证欺诈例外原则进行分析。然后，对信用证欺诈的类型进行分析，这里主要是对除中国以外的其他国家的案例进行分析。再然后，以中国的案例为中心，探讨中国法院对信用证欺诈例外原则的适用。最后，最为本文结论，对中国的信用证欺诈例外原则适用的几点问题进行分析。

Answer 1

now adays, as a way of statistics, credit approval has donate a large value to the national trade system. However, with infromation technology and office skill speedy development, what suppose to be essential trade with credit, is acturally using approval principal to frequently fraud such cases. credit approval with independent obstratct such identity, is dangerous for frued to exist alwaysa than ever.
With the purpose of this reserach, is to study the credits speciality, follow with chinese related cases analasys. analyst few problems over chinese credits.

becuase of credit frued's increasing, nation and corporations's hasing large lose. nation to prevent such frued, has few tactics to prevent such action. through study analysys over chinese credit approval. normal infomation is under credit to return bank's loan. to stop benifits getting loan. with the actural alience lawsuit.

at first, based on such study motive. To study purpose and research ways. coutinusely and this article's study within the field. Next, with credit's special trait. And credit's independent such principal,file trade peincipal, obsolute only one principal through outlook, analysis credit's falue. continusely to anylisys other pricipal to analysis. then, to credit freud type for anylsys. this mainly to other outside china's cases to analysis. then after, based on chinese case to be center, study chines lawsuit to using credit such outlayerprincipal's suit. then as final this article to be conclusion, to using chinese freud outsider layer through few analysis.

Answer 2

Today, as a kind of payment, the l/c to the international trade has made considerable contributions. However, with the information technology and office technology fast development, we should take the good faith as the foundation of the transaction, using the l/c to trade principle of credit fraud but frequent occurrence. Credit transactions as independent abstractness principle characteristics, makes fraud risk still save. The purpose of this study is to study the characteristics of l/c, and then based on China's relevant case studies and analysis of China l/c for several problems. Because l/c swindling increases unceasingly, makes the national, enterprises are great losses. Countries in order to prevent this fraud, implement the various measures to curb fraud. Through to the Chinese credit fraud case analysis found that, in the ordinary circumstances is the applicant in repay bank loans, to stop the beneficiary after receive the payment, by the applicant a lawsuit. First, this research motivation for the center, propose the research purpose and research methods. Then on this article expounds the research scope. Secondly, the characteristics of l/c, namely the independent abstractness principle, credit files trade principle, carries on the observation in strict accordance principle, analyzes the defects of l/c, subsequently to l/c swindling exception principles were analyzed. Then, the type of l/c swindling analysis, here basically is except for China other than country case analysis. Then, with China of case as the center, explore Chinese courts to l/c swindling exception principles applicable. Finally, this conclusion, most of China l/c swindling exception principles apply some problems are analyzed.