Question

请大侠帮忙翻译，高悬赏，急！！！！

Background characteristics of the study participants are shown on table 1. A variety of healthcare professionals have responded to the survey, mainly nurses (60%), physicians (8.3%) and technicians (7.6%). The majority of respondents (82.4%) worked in public hospitals; most (30%) had 1–5 years of professional experience. Most respondents (45%) had worked <5 years in the current hospital, and many (49%) had worked <5 years in current work unit. The participants had worked in a variety of hospital units, mainly in intensive care (9.6%), surgical (14.5%) and medical units (15.7%).
Measurement
The Patient Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture21 was reviewed by a panel of healthcare professionals and academicians in Saudi Arabia and was found appropriate for assessment of organisational factors affecting patient safety in Saudi Arabia. The survey was distributed hospital-wide in 13 general hospitals. The survey includes 42 items that measure 12 dimensions of patient safety culture: communication openness, feedback and communication about errors, frequency of events reported, handoffs and transitions, management support for patient safety, non-punitive response to error, organisational learning—continuous improvement, overall perceptions of patient safety, staffing, supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting safety, teamwork across units and teamwork within units. The questionnaire was kept in its original language (English), as English is the main language of communication in Saudi hospitals. Scores were expressed as the percentage of positive answers towards patient safety for each dimension.
Analysis of data
To allow aggregation of the different survey questions, the “Average Positive Response to each question was compared. We also examined the frequency of neutral responses, as these might also imply a lack of safety culture. Neutral responses were neutral on questions using a 5-point Likert Scale, uncertain on questions offering yes, uncertain or no responses, and sometimes on questions using a 5-point frequency scale. Measuring the positive response to survey questions enabled us to meet our principal objectives—to measure attitudes towards safety culture. Findings establish a baseline for future benchmarking and identify opportunities for improvement in participating hospitals.
Regression analysis procedure is used to gain a better understanding of the strength of the association between overall patient safety score and several independent variables (patient safety culture components): organisational learning/continuous improvement, non-punitive response to error, staffing, hospital handoffs and transitions, management role, communication and feedback, and teamwork.
For purpose of the regression analysis, two patient safety culture components were combined to create new variables as follows:

Answer 1

研究参与者的背景特征见表1。各种各样的医疗卫生专业人士对调查作出回应，主要是护士（60％），医生（8.3％）和技术人员（7.6％）。在公立医院工作的受访者（82.4％）占多数;大部分（30％）有1-5年的专业经验。大部分受访者（45％）曾<5年在目前的医院，许多人（49％）曾<在目前的工作单位5年。与会者在一个单位工作过各种医院，主要是在重症监护（9.6％），外科（14.5％）和医疗单位（15.7%)。
方法
调查病人安全Culture21测量中的病人医院是由一个专家小组审查医疗在沙特阿拉伯和被发现的院士和在沙特的影响病人安全的组织因素评估的适当。该调查是全院13个综合性医院。这项调查包括42项措施12尺寸的病人安全文化：沟通的开放性，反馈和有关错误的沟通，事件的频率报道，交接和过渡，为病人安全，非惩罚性的反应错误，组织学习，不断改进管理支持，病人安全，人员配备，整体感受主管/经理的期望和行动促进团队内跨单位和单位的安全，团队合作。问卷被保存在原来的语言（英语），由于英语是在沙特医院交流的主要语言。比分被表示为安全百分比积极的答案对病人为每个维度。
数据分析问题
要允许不同的聚集调查中，“平均每个问题的积极反应进行了比较。我们还研究了中性反应的频率，因为这可能也意味着缺乏安全文化。中性反应的问题上提供一个中立的使用5点李克特量表的问题，是不确定的，不确定或没有任何反应，有时使用5点频率范围的问题。测量积极响应调查问题使我们能够满足我们的主要目标，以衡量对安全文化的态度。发现建立一个未来基准线，并确定提高医院参与的机会。。
回归分析程序是用来获得一个更好的安全文化的组成部分了解病人的实力的病人安全协会之间的整体评分和几个独立变量组织学习持续改进，非惩罚性的反应错误，工作人员，医院交接和过渡，管理方面的作用，沟通和反馈，团队合作。
用于分析目的的回归，两个病人安全文化成分相结合，创造新的变数如下：

自己尝试翻译的。

Answer 2

参与研究者的背景特征都显示在表1。各种各样的医疗专家参加了此次调查,主要护士(60%),医师学会(8.3%)和技术人员（7.6%)。大多数调查对象(他)在公立医院工作,大部分有(30% ）1 - 5年的工作经验。大多数受访者(45%)< 5年以上在当前医院,许多(49%)< 5年在当前的工作单位工作过。参与者在不同的医院工作单位,主要是在重症监护(9.6%),外科(14.5%)和医疗单位(15.7%)。

测量

一组医疗保健专业人士和院士在沙特阿拉伯调查了关于Patient Safety Culture21 的Patient Hospital Survey ,并发现对组织因素适当的评价会影响病人在沙特的安全。这项调查是分布式的包括了13个综合医院。调查包括42项目12尺寸测量病人安全文化:沟通公开、反馈和沟通差错、频率的事件报道,和转变中,管理支持为了病人安全,non-punitive反应错误、组织learning-continuous改进、整体对病人的安全,员工,主管/经理期望和行动促进安全、团队合作在部门内的单位和团队合作。问卷被保存在它原来的语言(英语),由于英语是主要的交流语言在沙特医院。分数的百分数来表示对病人安全的积极回答每个维度。

数据分析

允许聚集不同的问卷调查,“平均积极的回应比较每个问题。我们还检测了中性反应的频率,因为这些可能也暗示缺乏安全文化特征。中性的反应是中立的问题上使用5份李克量表、不确定性问题上提供是的,不确定或不响应的问题,有时使用5频率范围之内。测量问卷调查积极的回应,使我们能满足我们的校长objectives-to测量安全文化的态度。发现建立了基线为未来的基准和确定改进机会的参与医院。

回归分析方法是用来了解强度之间的关系总体病人安全得分和几个独立变量(病人安全文化的成分):组织学习、持续改进、non-punitive反应错误、人员编制、医院、管理和过渡中角色、沟通和反馈,和团队精神。

为目的了回归分析,两个病人安全文化元件相结合创造新的变量如下:

双语对照查看

Answer 3

Background characteristics of the study participants are shown on table 1. A variety of healthcare professionals have responded to the survey, mainly nurses (60%), physicians (8.3%) and technicians (7.6%). The majority of respondents (82.4%) worked in public hospitals; most (30%) had 1–5 years of professional experience. Most respondents (45%) had worked <5 years in the current hospital, and many (49%) had worked <5 years in current work unit. The participants had worked in a variety of hospital units, mainly in intensive care (9.6%), surgical (14.5%) and medical units (15.7%).
Measurement
The Patient Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture21 was reviewed by a panel of healthcare professionals and academicians in Saudi Arabia and was found appropriate for assessment of organisational factors affecting patient safety in Saudi Arabia. The survey was distributed hospital-wide in 13 general hospitals. The survey includes 42 items that measure 12 dimensions of patient safety culture: communication openness, feedback and communication about errors, frequency of events reported, handoffs and transitions, management support for patient safety, non-punitive response to error, organisational learning—continuous improvement, overall perceptions of patient safety, staffing, supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting safety, teamwork across units and teamwork within units. The questionnaire was kept in its original language (English), as English is the main language of communication in Saudi hospitals. Scores were expressed as the percentage of positive answers towards patient safety for each dimension.
Analysis of data
To allow aggregation of the different survey questions, the “Average Positive Response to each question was compared. We also examined the frequency of neutral responses, as these might also imply a lack of safety culture. Neutral responses were neutral on questions using a 5-point Likert Scale, uncertain on questions offering yes, uncertain or no responses, and sometimes on questions using a 5-point frequency scale. Measuring the positive response to survey questions enabled us to meet our principal objectives—to measure attitudes towards safety culture. Findings establish a baseline for future benchmarking and identify opportunities for improvement in participating hospitals.
Regression analysis procedure is used to gain a better understanding of the strength of the association between overall patient safety score and several independent variables (patient safety culture components): organisational learning/continuous improvement, non-punitive response to error, staffing, hospital handoffs and transitions, management role, communication and feedback, and teamwork.
For purpose of the regression analysis, two patient safety culture components were combined to create new variables as follows:

Answer 4

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