Question

翻译下面的句子

Thinking about Design: An Historical Perspective
interest in the principles and goals of design. In short, they were more interested in finding pragmatic methods and techniques than in understanding the deeper issues of methodology and principle that guided design in thought and practice. Methods and techniques are about process and procedure, and methods possess an interpretive framework or direction of purpose that provides guidance in the use of techniques. Methodology, however, is the study of sets and systems of methods and techniques. And more than this, methodology is the study and analysis of the principles that organize a field and give purpose and value to its exploration. While the early papers of the movement appeared to be focused on methods and techniques, it was issues of principle, purpose, and value that guided the later criticisms of the movement. Indeed, it is the discovery and articulation of principles that is one of the important accomplishments of design methodology in the design methods movement. From this perspective, it is important to review the principles sought and established by the central figures of the movement. The widest difference of principles was between Alexander and Archer, who held strikingly different positions on the question of whether principles are unchanging or changing. Alexander, for example, used the strategy of dialectic and the method of decomposition to find the needs or active forces and tendencies that may come into conflict, requiring the designer’s intervention with pattern language to resolve conflicts, leading to the sane, constructive, and evolutionary attitude that is required for supporting human beings. The active forces and tendencies are the principles in his vision of design, since their unfolding play constitutes human freedom. He argues that all values can be replaced by one basic value: everything desirable in life can be described in terms of the freedom of people’s underlying tendencies — life can fulfill itself only when people’s tendencies are running free [Ibid., p. 133]. For Alexander, the underlying tendencies are unchanging over time — hence, the possibility of a “timeless way of building.”
这是工业设计的专业术语 有道，谷歌翻译是不通顺的 求高人指点啊。。

Answer 1

考虑设计:历史的角度来看
感兴趣的原则和目标的设计。简而言之,他们更感兴趣务实方法和技术的理解更深层的问题的方法和原则,设计指导思想和实践。方法和技术是关于工艺和程序和方法具有解释框架,或者方向提供了指导目的而使用的技巧。方法,然而,是集和系统研究的方法和技术。、研究和分析方法的原则,组织场和指明方向和价值与勘探。而早期运动的考卷出现集中在方法和技术,这是问题的原则、目标和价值指引以后的批评运动。的确,这是发现和发音原则,是一种重要的成就的设计方法设计方法在运动。从这个角度来看,这是很重要的,回顾寻求并建立原则,由中央的形象的运动。最宽的差异之间的原理就是亚力山大和射手,那些持的立场截然不同的问题:原则或改变是永恒不变的。亚历山大,例如,用辩证法与战略的方法找到分解需要或活跃力量和趋势可能发生的冲突,需要设计师的干预式语言来解决冲突,导致了正常,有建设性的,进化的态度,是需要支持人类。积极的力量和趋势,他的视力的原则的设计,因为他们展开构成人类自由发挥。他认为所有的值可以取而代之的是基本价值:一切可取的,在生活可以被描述从人民的自由的潜在趋势——生命

Answer 2

考虑设计:一个历史的透视设计的对原则和目标有兴趣。在短，他们更感兴趣发觉务实方法和技巧比在了解更深方法论的问题，原则那个指南设计在思想和做法。亚历山大，例如，旧的战略的辩证法，分解的方法找到需要或积极的力量和趋势那可能发生冲突，要求设计师的介入同模式语言解决冲突，导致明智的，建设性的，进化