Question

英语句子成分分析

there being so many people in the hall, I had to push my way to the front.

Answer 1

本题中I 是主语,had to push是谓语,所以前面那个句子实际上是个独立主格结构,而这种结构中只能用非谓语形式,即being而不能用be动词的各种形式.
参考
独立主格，又叫独立结构。
1.定义：带有自己主语的非限定性分句或无动词分句。
2．特点：1）独立结构有自己的逻辑主语; 2）独立结构中用非谓语动词; 3）独立结构与主句用逗号分开.
3．结构：
1）逻辑主语+分词(v+ing, v+ed)，不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语
It being a cold day, we had to quit mountain climbing. We redoubled our effort, each man working like two.
The lights having gone out, the students had to go to bed. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.
Here are the first two issues of this magazine, the third one to come out next month.
The little girl entered the room, her face red with cold. 小女孩走进房间，她的脸冻红了。
He pulled on his socks in a hurry, wrong side out. 他匆忙地将袜子穿反了。
The boy tried to put on his coat, the outside in. 这个男孩试图自己穿衣服，把外面穿在了里面。
The teacher came into the classroom, book under arm. 老师腋下夹着本书走进教室。
2) There being + subject
There being a party on the coming weekend, we’ll be preparing for it.
3) With + subject + present participle/past participle/ infinitive/介词短语/形容词/副词/名词
With time going on, freshmen have been gradually used to the life at university.
He sat there, with his hands raised.
With so many books to read, I give up the plan to go toHainanisland for a visit during Spring Festival.
He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand．
He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open．
With production up by 60％, the company has had another excellent year.
产量上升了60％, 公司又是一个好年景。
She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion．

追问

麻烦再看看这个句子，希望详细一点，谢谢了
hearing his father was serious ill, he burst into tears.

追答

前面的hearing 分词作状语,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语.
现在分词作伴随状语
参考

现在分词作状语的意义

动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间、原因、
结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分等，作时间、原因、条件、
让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。

一
. -ing
分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句
(
引导词有
when ,while )
温馨提示：

1
．现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词
when,
while
引出。

2
．现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时。

如：

When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood.
=Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
看到那些画，她想起了自己
的童年。

As soon as he heard the good news, he

jumped with joy.
=（0n）
Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.
他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。

Answer 2

学好从句之前学好句子的成分很重要。