Question

【50分】求翻译一段话（5句）

The third basic strategy is the less ambitious transfer approach.

Rather than operating in two stages through a single interlingual representation, there are three stages involving underlying (abstract) representations for both SL and TL texts.

The first stage converts SL texts into abstract SL-oriented representations; the second stage converts these into equivalent TL-oriented representations; and the third generates the final TL texts.

Whereas the interlingua approach necessarily requires complete resolution of all ambiguities in the SL text so that translation into any other language is possible, in the transfer approach only those ambiguities inherent in the language in question are tackled; problems of lexical differences between languages are dealt with in the second stage (transfer proper).

Transfer systems consist typically of three types of dictionaries (SL dictionary/ies containing detailed morphological, grammatical and semantic information, similar TL dictionary/ies, and a bilingual dictionary relating base SL forms and base TL forms) and various grammars (for SL analysis, TL synthesis and for transformation of SL structures into TL forms).

这本是一段话，为了看着方便我把它断开了（翻译时请注意衔接和连贯哦），
MT=Machine Translation 机器翻译 TL=Target language目的语 SL=Souce language源语，这段话摘自《机器翻译简史》，可能有点专业，呵呵

p.s.这段话位于文章的开头部分，不是太难，故最后被采纳的答案需要较高的翻译质量！
styuco，谢谢你啊！其实不需要把我发的每个都翻呢，真的担心占用你太多的时间，我心里很过意不去呢。看实在没人回答的再帮我解围一下就好了，谢谢谢谢啊！

Answer 1

[1]我把“transfer approach”老土一点地称为“倒换”法，具体名字你可以在思索一番
[2]我把“representation”称之为“代用语”，为了避免老土你也可以再思索一个名字，总之是为了表达顺畅。
[3]第三句内容中包含译注，记得整合时选择后删掉。

以下为翻译内容
The third basic strategy is the less ambitious transfer approach.
【第三种基本设计形式则是一种不那么大费周章的“倒换”法。】

Rather than operating in two stages through a single interlingual representation, there are three stages involving underlying (abstract) representations for both SL and TL texts.
【它并不是采用中间语言作为直接的代用语进行两步转换的，而是分三步采用了源语言文本和目标语言文本的隐含的(抽象化)代用语。】

The first stage converts SL texts into abstract SL-oriented representations; the second stage converts these into equivalent TL-oriented representations; and the third generates the final TL texts.
【(翻译系统)的第一步将源语言文本转化成为一种抽象的以源语言为导向(或者说“和源语言相关的”，译者注)的代用语；第二步则该代用语于转化为等同的以目标语言为导向(或者说“和目标语言相关的”，译者注)的另一种代用语，第三步则是产生最终的目标语言文本。】

Whereas the interlingua approach necessarily requires complete resolution of all ambiguities in the SL text so that translation into any other language is possible, in the transfer approach only those ambiguities inherent in the language in question are tackled; problems of lexical differences between languages are dealt with in the second stage (transfer proper).
【尽管这种方法仍然需要通过中间语言来完成对源语言中模棱两可的表达进行分辨，以此来顺畅地完成翻译，(但是)在“倒换”法，只含有语言中那些特有的模糊表达的问题被解决了。而对于不同语言中词汇差异带来的问题，则在第二步被进行处理(“彻底转换”的过程)。】

Transfer systems consist typically of three types of dictionaries (SL dictionary/ies containing detailed morphological, grammatical and semantic information, similar TL dictionary/ies, and a bilingual dictionary relating base SL forms and base TL forms) and various grammars (for SL analysis, TL synthesis and for transformation of SL structures into TL forms).
【“倒换”系统通常包含三种词典(源语言字典包含了其词法的，语法的以及语义的信息，目标语言字典也包括了和源语言字典一样的内容，另外还有一部有关于源语言和目标语言基本形式的双语词典) 和一些不同的语法书(用于源语言分析，目标语言整合以及从源语言结构到目标语言形式进行变换)。】

希望对你有参考作用

Answer 2

第三个基本策略是不费力的传输方法。

而不是操作两个阶段通过一个单一的语际表示,有三个阶段(摘要)涉及潜在两SL,文中表示文本。

第一阶段将SL文本为抽象的SL-oriented陈述;第二阶段TL-oriented表示这些为与其等价的转换;第三产生最后的TL文本。

而方法,必然要求完全解决一切含糊不清的,在SL文本翻译成其他语言是有可能的,在转会的方法只有那些固有的含糊不清的问题得到解决,语言的词汇差异问题、语言处理,在第二阶段(转移合理)。

划转系统通常包括3种类型的词典(目的包含详细字典/有否形态、语法、语义信息的TL的字典/网页,类似,双语词典基础形式和基地有关树脂的TL表单),各种语法(SL分析、组合成的TL合成和改造SL结构组合成的TL形式到)。

Answer 3

The third basic strategy is the less ambitious transfer approach.
第三个基本策略是投入较少的转换方法。
Rather than operating in two stages through a single interlingual representation, there are three stages involving underlying (abstract) representations for both SL and TL texts.
有三个阶段涉及基本的(抽象的)SL和TL文本表示，而不是以两个阶段通过一个单一的语间表示进行操作。
The first stage converts SL texts into abstract SL-oriented representations; the second stage converts these into equivalent TL-oriented representations; and the third generates the final TL texts.
第一阶段将SL文本转换为抽象的以SL为导向的表示;第二阶段将这些表示转换为与其等价的以TL为导向的表示;第三阶段产生最后的TL文本。
Whereas the interlingua approach necessarily requires complete resolution of all ambiguities in the SL text so that translation into any other language is possible, in the transfer approach only those ambiguities inherent in the language in question are tackled; problems of lexical differences between languages are dealt with in the second stage (transfer proper).
鉴于中间语言的转换方法必然要求完全解决所有SL文本中的不确定部分，以使其翻译成其他的语言成为可能，在该转换法中，只是这些语言中固有的不确定部分得到解决，不同语言间的词法差异问题在第二阶段被解决（正确地转换）。
Transfer systems consist typically of three types of dictionaries (SL dictionary/ies containing detailed morphological, grammatical and semantic information, similar TL dictionary/ies, and a bilingual dictionary relating base SL forms and base TL forms) and various grammars (for SL analysis, TL synthesis and for transformation of SL structures into TL forms).
转换系统由三个典型类型的字典（SL字典/独立实体含有详细的形态学的，语法的和语义的信息，类似的TL字典，和一个与基本SL形式和基本TL形式有关的双语词典）以及各种语法（用于SL分析和TL综合，以及用于将SL结构转化为TL形式）。

Answer 4

The third basic strategy is the less ambitious transfer approach.
第三个基本策略是不费力的传输方法。
Rather than operating in two stages through a single interlingual representation, there are three stages involving underlying (abstract) representations for both SL and TL texts.
而不是操作两个阶段通过一个单一的语际表示,有三个阶段(摘要)涉及潜在两SL,文中表示文本。
The first stage converts SL texts into abstract SL-oriented representations; the second stage converts these into equivalent TL-oriented representations; and the third generates the final TL texts.
第一阶段将SL文本为抽象的SL-oriented陈述;第二阶段TL-oriented表示这些为与其等价的转换;第三产生最后的TL文本。
Whereas the interlingua approach necessarily requires complete resolution of all ambiguities in the SL text so that translation into any other language is possible, in the transfer approach only those ambiguities inherent in the language in question are tackled; problems of lexical differences between languages are dealt with in the second stage (transfer proper).

而方法,必然要求完全解决一切含糊不清的,在SL文本翻译成其他语言是有可能的,在转会的方法只有那些固有的含糊不清的问题得到解决,语言的词汇差异问题、语言处理,在第二阶段(转移合理)。
Transfer systems consist typically of three types of dictionaries (SL dictionary/ies containing detailed morphological, grammatical and semantic information, similar TL dictionary/ies, and a bilingual dictionary relating base SL forms and base TL forms) and various grammars (for SL analysis, TL synthesis and for transformation of SL structures into TL forms).
划转系统通常包括3种类型的词典(目的包含详细字典/有否形态、语法、语义信息的TL的字典/网页,类似,双语词典基础形式和基地有关树脂的TL表单),各种语法(SL分析、组合成的TL合成和改造SL结构组合成的TL形式到)。

Answer 5

第三种基本方法是相对保守的方法。

不同于两步走仅用单一语内表示的方法，该方法中包括三个步骤，包括用源语和目的语两种语言进行抽象表示。

第一步，先将源语文本转化为源语的抽象表示；第二步，将其转化为对等的目的语表示；最后，将抽象的目的语转化为目的语文本。

鉴于语内的步骤需要将所有源语文本中含糊其辞的地方解决掉，以便于将源于文本译为其它语言，因此在转化步骤中只要解决源语中语意不清的问题就好了；至于不同语言措辞不同的问题是第二步骤（正确转化）的任务了。

翻译系统包括三种类型的词典（源语字典/包括独立实体含有详细的形态、语法和语义的信息，与之相似的T目的语字典，和源语、目的语的双语词典）以及各种语法（用于进行源语分析和目的语整合，以及源语和目的语之间结构的转化）。