Question

求英语高手翻译一段内容摘要 ps：使用在线翻译工具的朋友请勿回答，谢谢

西方国家对减刑标准的规定，一般分为两种：一种可称为普通减刑，即在罪犯有善行或表现良好时授予；另一种可称为特殊减刑或法定减刑，即在罪犯有特别的条件或者重大的功绩时授予。大多数国家和地区的普通减刑是以表现良好或者努力工作、学习等具体行为要求作为减刑的条件。我国减刑标准体系的基本要素包括：认罪服法、遵守罪犯行为规范、参与矫正项目及参加生产劳动。比较国内外减刑幅度，可归纳两种做法：一是国外采用的小量多次，二是我国采用的多量少次。减刑权归属主要有两种模式：一是由法院决定减刑，在法院享有减刑权的情形下，也有两种不同的做法，一种是由一般的法院负责减刑事务，如我国；而另一种则是由专门法庭负责，如意大利和法国。二是由监狱行刑机关或行政机关决定减刑，可称之为司法行政模式，当今世界上大多数国家采用这种做法。

Answer 1

Western countries the commutation standard provisions are generally divided into two kinds: one kind can be called ordinary commutation, be in namely criminals have good deeds or good behavior award, Another may be called the special commutation or statutory commutation, be in namely criminals have special conditions or major feat when award. Most countries and regions of ordinary commutation is good or hard work, study and so on specific behavior requirements as the commutation of conditions. Our country commutation standard system of the basic elements include: confession charmed, abide by the criminal behavior criterion, participate in correctional project and attend productive Labour. Comparing the domestic commutation amplitude can be stated two approaches: one is the small foreign many times, 2 it is our country adopts multiple quantity is little times. The commutation right belonging to basically have two kinds of modes: one is by the court decision commuted, the courts have right of commutation of circumstances, also have two different practices, one kind is by general court is responsible for commutation issues, such as China, Another is by special courts responsible, such as Italy and France. 2 it is by prison execution authorities or administrative authorities decided the commutation, is also called the judicial administrative mode, and now the world most countries adopt this practice.Western countries the commutation standard provisions are generally divided into two kinds: one kind can be called ordinary commutation, be in namely criminals have good deeds or good behavior award, Another may be called the special commutation or statutory commutation, be in namely criminals have special conditions or major feat when award. Most countries and regions of ordinary commutation is good or hard work, study and so on specific behavior requirements as the commutation of conditions. Our country commutation standard system of the basic elements include: confession charmed, abide by the criminal behavior criterion, participate in correctional project and attend productive Labour. Comparing the domestic commutation amplitude can be stated two approaches: one is the small foreign many times, 2 it is our country adopts multiple quantity is little times. The commutation right belonging to basically have two kinds of modes: one is by the court decision commuted, the courts have right of commutation of circumstances, also have two different practices, one kind is by general court is responsible for commutation issues, such as China, Another is by special courts responsible, such as Italy and France. 2 it is by prison execution authorities or administrative authorities decided the commutation, is also called the judicial administrative mode, and now the world most countries adopt this practice.

Answer 2

Grant, Another may be called the special commutation or statutory commutation, be in namely criminals have special conditions or major feat when award. Most countries and regions of ordinary commutation is good or hard work, study and so on specific behavior requirements as the commutation of conditions. Our country commutation standard system of the basic elements include: confession charmed, abide by the criminal behavior criterion, participate in correctional project and attend productive Labour. Comparing the domestic commutation amplitude can be stated two approaches: one is the small foreign many times, 2 it is our country adopts multiple quantity is little times. The commutation right belonging to basically have two kinds of modes: one is by the court decision commuted, the courts have right of commutation of circumstances, also have two different practices, one kind is by general court is responsible for commutation issues, such as China, Another is by special courts responsible, such as Italy and France. 2 it is by prison execution authorities or administrative authorities decided the commutation, is also called the judicial administrative mode, and now the world most countries adopt this practice

Answer 3

Western countries the commutation standard provisions are generally divided into two kinds: one kind can be called ordinary commutation, be in namely criminals have good deeds or good behavior award, Another may be called the special commutation or statutory commutation, be in namely criminals have special conditions or major feat when award. Most countries and regions of ordinary commutation is good or hard work, study and so on specific behavior requirements as the commutation of conditions. Our country commutation standard system of the basic elements include: confession charmed, abide by the criminal behavior criterion, participate in correctional project and attend productive Labour. Comparing the domestic commutation amplitude can be stated two approaches: one is the small foreign many times, 2 it is our country adopts multiple quantity is little times. The commutation right belonging to basically have two kinds of modes: one is by the court decision commuted, the courts have right of commutation of circumstances, also have two different practices, one kind is by general court is responsible for commutation issues, such as China, Another is by special courts responsible, such as Italy and France. 2 it is by prison execution authorities or administrative authorities decided the commutation, is also called the judicial administrative mode, and now the world most countries adopt this practice.

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Answer 4

Western countries the commutation of the provisions of the standard are generally divided into two kinds: one kind is called common can be commuted, namely in the criminals have good and good behavior award; Another can be called special or statutory commutation commutation, namely in the criminals have special conditions or major achievement of granted when. Most countries and regions of the ordinary commutation is good or hard work, study and so on specific behavior requirements as a condition of commutation. Our country the standard system the basic elements of commutation include: the boiling pleaded guilty, and keep the criminal behavior standards, participate in project in productive labor and correction. Is reduced by both at home and abroad and can be classified two practice: one is the foreign of small many times, 2 it is the amount of our country more than less time. Commuted sentence right belonging to basically have two kinds of modes: one is made by the court ?

Answer 5

Western countries the commutation standard provisions are generally divided into two kinds: one kind can be called ordinary commutation, be in namely criminals have good deeds or good behavior award, Another may be called the special commutation or statutory commutation, be in namely criminals have special conditions or major feat when award. Most countries and regions of ordinary commutation is good or hard work, study and so on specific behavior requirements as the commutation of conditions. Our country commutation standard system of the basic elements include: confession charmed, abide by the criminal behavior criterion, participate in correctional project and attend productive Labour. Comparing the domestic commutation amplitude can be stated two approaches: one is the small foreign many times, 2 it is our country adopts multiple quantity is little times. The commutation right belonging to basically have two kinds of modes: one is by the court decision commuted, the courts have right of commutation of circumstances, also have two different practices, one kind is by general court is responsible for commutation issues, such as China, Another is by special courts responsible, such as Italy and France. 2 it is by prison execution authorities or administrative authorities decided the commutation, is also called the judicial administrative mode, and now the world most countries adopt this practice.