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GinkgobilobaIstheOnlyLivingMemberofthePhylumGinkgophytaThemaidenhairtree,Ginkgobiloba...
Ginkgo biloba Is the Only Living Member of the Phylum Ginkgophyta
The maidenhair tree, Ginkgo biloba, is easily recognized by its fan-shaped leaves with their openly branched, dichotomous (forking) pattern of veins (Figure 20-40). It is an attractive and stately, but slow-growing, tree, which may reach a height of 30 meters or more. The leaves on the numerous slowly growing spur, or short, shoots of Ginkgo are more or less entire, whereas those on the long shoots and seedlings are often deeply lobed. Unlike most other gymnosperms, Ginkgo is deciduous; its leaves turn a beautiful golden color before falling in autumn.
Wollemia nobilis:
While loss of biological diversity is one of the world’s most serious environmental problems, it is remarkable to discover surviving populations of an evolutionary line thought to be long extinct. This is more dramatic when the discovery is a tree up to 40 meters tall surviving in deep sandstone canyons within 150 kilometers of Sydney, Australia’s largest city.
The “Wollemi Pine” was discovered in late 1994 and has been named Wollemia nobilis, commemorating the Wollemi National Park in which it occurs, as well as both David Noble, the wildlife Officer who discovered it, and the stature of the trees. It is one of the world’s rarest plant species, because fewer than 40 plants are known, growing in two small groves. It is a member of the Araucariaceae, an ancient family of conifers.
Araucariaceae had a worldwide distribution and their greatest diversity in the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, between 200 and 65 million years ago, but became extinct in the Northern Hemisphere in the Late Cretaceous at about the time of the extinction of the dinosaurs. The two other surviving genera of Araucariaceae, Araucaria and Agathis, have Southern Hemisphere distributions in lands that were formerly parts of the ancient super continent Gondwana.
Wollemia is characterized by having the adult foliage leaves arranged in four rows, juvenile leaves that are very different from those of the adult, a distinctive bark type, and cones terminal on the branches of the same tree—the females on the upper branches and the males on the lower branches. The seeds are not winged. Undeveloped axillary buds buried under the bark may remain dormant for long periods before eventually developing as new lateral shoots or shoots from the base. These buds increase the chance of surviving environmental disasters such as storm, fire, or rock falls. 展开
The maidenhair tree, Ginkgo biloba, is easily recognized by its fan-shaped leaves with their openly branched, dichotomous (forking) pattern of veins (Figure 20-40). It is an attractive and stately, but slow-growing, tree, which may reach a height of 30 meters or more. The leaves on the numerous slowly growing spur, or short, shoots of Ginkgo are more or less entire, whereas those on the long shoots and seedlings are often deeply lobed. Unlike most other gymnosperms, Ginkgo is deciduous; its leaves turn a beautiful golden color before falling in autumn.
Wollemia nobilis:
While loss of biological diversity is one of the world’s most serious environmental problems, it is remarkable to discover surviving populations of an evolutionary line thought to be long extinct. This is more dramatic when the discovery is a tree up to 40 meters tall surviving in deep sandstone canyons within 150 kilometers of Sydney, Australia’s largest city.
The “Wollemi Pine” was discovered in late 1994 and has been named Wollemia nobilis, commemorating the Wollemi National Park in which it occurs, as well as both David Noble, the wildlife Officer who discovered it, and the stature of the trees. It is one of the world’s rarest plant species, because fewer than 40 plants are known, growing in two small groves. It is a member of the Araucariaceae, an ancient family of conifers.
Araucariaceae had a worldwide distribution and their greatest diversity in the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, between 200 and 65 million years ago, but became extinct in the Northern Hemisphere in the Late Cretaceous at about the time of the extinction of the dinosaurs. The two other surviving genera of Araucariaceae, Araucaria and Agathis, have Southern Hemisphere distributions in lands that were formerly parts of the ancient super continent Gondwana.
Wollemia is characterized by having the adult foliage leaves arranged in four rows, juvenile leaves that are very different from those of the adult, a distinctive bark type, and cones terminal on the branches of the same tree—the females on the upper branches and the males on the lower branches. The seeds are not winged. Undeveloped axillary buds buried under the bark may remain dormant for long periods before eventually developing as new lateral shoots or shoots from the base. These buds increase the chance of surviving environmental disasters such as storm, fire, or rock falls. 展开
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