英文翻译
TrialTrial,inageneralsense,concernsinvestigationanddecisionofamatterinissuebetweenpar...
Trial
Trial,in a general sense,concerns investigation and decision of a matter in issue between parties before a competent tribunal,including all steps taken in the case from its submission to the trial court or jury to the rendition of judgment.A trial may be defined broadly and comprehensively as a judicial examination of the issues between the parties.
Trials are usually held before a judge sitting alone,a referee,or a judge and jury.In most states of the U.S.the details of trial in the various courts are regulated by the state codes of civil and criminal procedure and the state constitutions.Civil cases are divided into two classes:equity cases,which are usually tried by a judge sitting without a jury; and actions at law,which are usually tried before a jury.
Trial by Jury
In civil cased the right to a trial by jury may,in most jurisdictions,be waived.In some states the defendant may waive the right to be tried by a jury even in criminal cases,although in many jurisdictions the rule obtains that in all cases involving the commission of felonies the defendant must be tried by a jury.
Trial by Referee
In law in the U.S.,a referee is an attorney authorized by a civil court to act as an officer of the court in the determination of a proceeding or suit referred to the referee.Reference of an issue to a referee may be either voluntary or compulsory; it is most frequently resorted to in actions involving long and complicated accounts,such as bankruptcy actions,and in actions in which privacy and secrecy are considered desirable in the public interest,such as divorce actions.The findings and decision of a referee are submitted in a report which is filed with the court ordering the reference; a trial before a referee is terminated when the referee’s decision is confirmed by that court.
A trial conducted before a referee or a judge sitting alone is identical with a jury trial,except that the opening remarks and summations described above are omitted. 展开
Trial,in a general sense,concerns investigation and decision of a matter in issue between parties before a competent tribunal,including all steps taken in the case from its submission to the trial court or jury to the rendition of judgment.A trial may be defined broadly and comprehensively as a judicial examination of the issues between the parties.
Trials are usually held before a judge sitting alone,a referee,or a judge and jury.In most states of the U.S.the details of trial in the various courts are regulated by the state codes of civil and criminal procedure and the state constitutions.Civil cases are divided into two classes:equity cases,which are usually tried by a judge sitting without a jury; and actions at law,which are usually tried before a jury.
Trial by Jury
In civil cased the right to a trial by jury may,in most jurisdictions,be waived.In some states the defendant may waive the right to be tried by a jury even in criminal cases,although in many jurisdictions the rule obtains that in all cases involving the commission of felonies the defendant must be tried by a jury.
Trial by Referee
In law in the U.S.,a referee is an attorney authorized by a civil court to act as an officer of the court in the determination of a proceeding or suit referred to the referee.Reference of an issue to a referee may be either voluntary or compulsory; it is most frequently resorted to in actions involving long and complicated accounts,such as bankruptcy actions,and in actions in which privacy and secrecy are considered desirable in the public interest,such as divorce actions.The findings and decision of a referee are submitted in a report which is filed with the court ordering the reference; a trial before a referee is terminated when the referee’s decision is confirmed by that court.
A trial conducted before a referee or a judge sitting alone is identical with a jury trial,except that the opening remarks and summations described above are omitted. 展开
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