Question

求翻译 不要直接GOOGLE 要读的通就OK

Objectives and Theoretical Background
The main objective of this research is primarily to design a specific methodology relevant
to the study of social strata in rural communities. This is undertaken by using the
theoretical framework of social stratification and by quantifying the theoretical concepts
through data analysis methods to obtain an appropriate research framework for rural social
strata, especially for the study of the socio-economic status of the vulnerable strata. This
approach seemed to be needed because the traditional patterns of social stratification
among rural strata have lost their relevancy to a great extent as a result of multifaceted
changes since 1979. The present methodology can serve as an applied model for
researchers in rural studies.
A secondary objective of the research was to study the socio-economic status of the
rural vulnerable strata in the two sample regions to obtain an appropriate research design
in the field of socio-economic status of the vulnerable strata in rural communities. The
research additionally had four minor objectives: (1) to study such demographic
characteristics of the vulnerable strata as having multiple jobs, decreasing levels of
specialty and skills, immigration and its specifications, family status, etc.; (2) to study the
level of rural underdevelopment and the use of public welfare facilities and services by
the vulnerable strata; (3) to study social stratification, income and poverty distribution in
the rural community in order to determine the poverty line and the achievement of
inequality scales in the sample rural regions; and (4) to study poverty and vulnerability at
the family and village levels and to recognize their socio-economic characteristics.
Two concepts are used in this study: ‘absolute poverty’ and the ‘livelihood concept of
poverty’. Absolute poverty implies not having sufficient income for regular and adequate
meals, which is a matter of life and death. The livelihood concept of poverty pertains to the
level of income needed to provide for food to meet the basic nutritional needs of each
member of a family. The food expenses are considered as fundamental living costs. If we
add the expenses of necessary clothing and fuel for cooking and heating, the total figure is
the criterion for maintaining a livelihood at the poverty level; income below that figure is
considered absolute poverty. With these definitions, it can be stated that individuals,
families, and groups lacking income resources to enjoy different food regimes, toparticipate in social activities, to maintain daily health conditions, to utilize public
facilities extensively, and are not supported by society are considered to be living in
poverty.

Answer 1

目标和理论背景

本研究的主要目的主要是设计一个特定的方法有关

社会阶层的研究在农村社区。这个由使用

社会分层的理论框架和量化理论的概念

通过数据分析方法,以获得一种适当的研究框架,用于农村社会

地层,特别是为研究社会经济地位的飓风受害者层次的人组成的。这

方法似乎是有必要的,因为传统的模式的社会的阶层化

在农村阶层是否失去了他们在很大程度上由于多方面的

从1979年起变化。目前的方法论可以作为应用模型

研究人员在农村的研究。

一个次要目标的研究是要学习社会经济地位

农村弱势地层中两个样品地区获得适当的研究设计

社会经济地位领域的弱势阶层的乡村社会。这

研究另外有四个小目标:(1)研究这些人口统计上的

弱势阶层的特点有多份工作,减少水平的

专业、技能、移民和规格,家庭状况等;(2)研究了

农村不发达水平和使用公共福利设施与服务

弱势阶层;(3)研究社会分层结构、收入和贫困分布

农村社会为了确定贫困线以下与取得的成就

不平等的样品尺度农村地区;(4)研究贫困和危险

家庭和村各级和认可他们的社会经济的特性。

两个概念是有应用于该研究中:“绝对贫困”和“生活概念

贫穷”。绝对贫困意味着不需要足够的收入进行常规充足的狗粮

食物,其是生死攸关的事情。生活贫困的概念关乎后来许多的

水平的收益,需要提供的食物营养需求的满足基本的分量

家庭中的一员。食物费用都被看作是基本生活费。如果我们

增加费用必要的服装和燃料烧饭和取暖,总数

维持生计的标准在贫困水平;收入低于这个数字

认为是绝对贫困。这些定义,它可以表示,个人,

家庭、团体等收入资源缺乏食物享受不同的制度,对他方加以社会活动,维持日常保健条件,利用公共

设施不支持得到广泛应用,并被认为是社会的生活

贫穷。