Question

在线等英语论文翻译，谢绝使用翻译器的

As measures of general economic activity in each of the states, we used total personal income data from the U.S. Department of Commerce (1994) and the unemployment rate from the U.S. Department of Labor (1981–93). As our estimate of population growth by state, we used the percentage change in the number of midyear residents, data for which came from the U.S. Bureau of the Census

Real Estate Market Conditions

The return on commercial real estate was calculated as the total return (income plus capital gain), in percentage points, on commercial real estate as measured by the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries (1992). These data were available for eight multistate regions. Each state was assigned the return reported for its region.

The growth rates of house prices by state were calculated as the percentage changes in NAR’s median sales prices of existing single-family homes in metropolitan areas, which are published in Existing Home Sales (NAR 1981–93). Prices for metropolitan areas were aggregated to form statewide prices by taking an unweighted average of the data for the cities in each state. States that had no city in the NAR database were assigned the median price in an economically similar, typically neighboring, state.

Commercial Bank Conditions

Our estimates of banks’ capital shortfalls and surpluses were based on Call Report data. We calculated the capital pressure on each bank as the difference between the bank’s actual (reported) tier 1 capital and a target level of tier 1 capital for the bank. Determining a bank’s capital target for each year was problematic because the definition of capital on which regulators focused changed over time, the minimum capital ratios that regulators imposed changed over time, and banks often were not told precisely what their minimum required capital ratio was.

Answer 1

为了估量每个州的经济活动，我们采用了来源于美国商业部完整的个人收入数据（1994）和来源于美国劳务部的失业率（1981-93）。为了估算每个州的人口增长，我们采用了来源于美国人口统计局的年中居民人口变化的百分比数据。
不动产市场状况
商业不动产的回报被以百分比算在所有回报中（收入加上资本利得），这些商业不动产由国家不动产调查信托委员会估算。这是来源于八个州的数据。当地报告的回报被分配到每个州。
NAR（全美房地产经纪人协会）城市现有单个家庭的中间售价（NAR 1981-93）以每个州的房产价格增长率来计算。城市地区价格以每个州各个城市未加权平均数的形式合计形成全州价格。NAR数据库缺乏的州的城市价格数据采用经济状况相似的如相邻的州的数据。
商业银行状况
我们对银行资本赤字和盈余的评估基于财政报告数据。我们计算了每个银行的资本压力反应银行公告一级资本和目标一级资本的不同。银行每年设定资本目标是不确定的，因为不同时期监管者确定的资本标准会变化，不同时期征收的最小资本金率也在变化，而且，银行通常不会准确的告诉他们的最低资本金率是多少。
人工翻译 望采纳

Answer 2

作为经济活动的一般措施在每一个州,我们使用了全个人收入数据来自美国商业部(1994)和《失业率从美国劳工部(1981-93)。作为我们的人口增长状态估计问题,使用百分比好胜数目的变化,数据的居民来自美国统计局的人口普查

房地产市场条件

商业地产收益率计算的总回报(收入加上资本收益),以百分比,在商业地产这是通过测量全国理事会房地产投资Fiduciaries(1992)。这些数据都可用于八个州地区。每一个状态被指派的回报为其地区报道。

房价增长率的国家进行计算的百分比变化的平均销售价格NAR现有的单一家庭的住宅,在大都市区域的现房销售发表在1981-93(NAR)。许多大城市都汇辑价格形成全州范围内的价格以未加权平均为城市的数据在每一个状态。美国的城市,没有NAR数据库被分配给中间的价格在一个经济上的相似,通常相邻,状态。

商业银行条件

我们估计的银行资本不足以及盈余是基于电话报告数据。我们计算出各银行的资金压力之间的差异银行的实际(报)的一级资本和目标水平的一级资本的银行。银行的资本金目标确定为每年的定义是有问题,因为资本上改变随着时间的过去,监管机构集中的最低资本充足率以至于监管者强加改变随着时间的过去,银行通常没有被告知他们的最低的要求十分精确资本率。